Logical Deduction Questions

• Immediate inference with an exclusion premise: ‘‘Raman is always successful’’ and ‘‘No fool is always successful’’ — decide which conclusion about Raman logically follows.
• Particular conversion and scope of a universal negative: from ‘‘Some desks are caps’’ and ‘‘No cap is red’’ decide which conclusions about caps being desks and desks being non red are compelled.
• Chain inference with a particular and a universal: from ‘‘Some hens are cows’’ and ‘‘All cows are horses’’ determine whether hens overlap horses and vice versa.
• Two inclusions into the same superclass: given ‘‘All water is divine’’ and ‘‘All temples are divine’’ decide whether all water is temple or all temples are water necessarily follows.
• Syllogism reasoning practice: evaluate the categorical statements 'All men are dogs' and 'All dogs are cats' to decide which conclusion(s) necessarily follow (i) All men are cats, (ii) All cats are men — detailed logic with set–subset analysis
• Logical deductions with qualifiers: from 'All young scientists are open-minded' and 'No open-minded men are superstitious' determine which conclusions follow about scientists and young people regarding superstition
• Syllogism with particular and universal premises: given 'Some pastries are toffees' and 'All toffees are chocolates', determine which conclusion(s) necessarily follow about chocolates, toffees, and pastries
• Logical fallacy check in syllogism: from 'All boys are honest' and 'Sachin is honest', decide whether it necessarily follows that Sachin is a boy or that all honest persons are boys
• Two-step subset chain syllogism: 'All pens are roads' and 'All roads are houses' — test conclusions (i) All houses are pens, (ii) Some houses are pens, using inclusion logic and existence considerations
• Syllogism trap with partial information: 'All artists are smokers' and 'Some smokers are drunkards' — determine whether it follows that all smokers are artists or that some drunkards are not smokers
• Set-relation independence: with 'All cars are cats' and 'All fans are cats', assess whether (i) All cars are fans or (ii) Some fans are cars necessarily follow in syllogistic logic
• Syllogism – Chains of inclusion across three sets Premises: 1) All branches are flowers. 2) All flowers are leaves. Conclusions to test: I) All branches are leaves. II) All leaves are branches. III) All flowers are branches. IV) Some leaves are branches.
• Syllogism – Some/No relations across three classes Premises: 1) Some bags are pockets. 2) No pocket is a pouch. Evaluate the conclusions.
• Syllogism – Subset and existence reasoning Premises: 1) All aeroplanes are trains. 2) Some trains are chairs. Conclusions to test: I) Some aeroplanes are chairs. II) Some chairs are aeroplanes. III) Some chairs are trains. IV) Some trains are aeroplanes.
• Syllogism — determine which conclusions necessarily follow Statements: • All politicians are honest. • All honest are fair. Conclusions to evaluate: I. Some honest are politicians. II. No honest is politician. III. Some fair are politicians. IV. All fair are politicians.
• Syllogism — evaluate necessary conclusions from partial overlaps Statements: • Some clothes are marbles. • Some marbles are bags. Conclusions to evaluate: I. No cloth is a bag. II. All marbles are bags. III. Some bags are clothes. IV. No marble is a cloth.
• Syllogism — two “some” premises with a shared middle term Statements: • Some tables are TVs. • Some TVs are radios. Conclusions to evaluate: I. Some tables are radios. II. Some radios are tables. III. All radios are TVs. IV. All TVs are tables.
• Syllogism with a common subclass — decide what must be true Statements: • All terrorists are guilty. • All terrorists are criminals. Conclusions to evaluate: I. Either all criminals are guilty or all guilty are criminals. II. Some guilty persons are criminals. III. Generally criminals are guilty. IV. Crime and guilt go together.
• Syllogism with a universal negative — identify the necessary outcomes Statements: • Some books are pens. • No pen is pencil. Conclusions to evaluate: I. Some pens are books. II. Some pencils are books. III. Some books are not pencils. IV. All pencils are books.
• Syllogism with a subset chain — identify guaranteed existentials Statements: • Some bottles are drinks. • All drinks are cups. Conclusions to evaluate: I. Some bottles are cups. II. Some cups are drinks. III. All drinks are bottles. IV. All cups are drinks.