Chain inference with a particular and a universal: from ‘‘Some hens are cows’’ and ‘‘All cows are horses’’ determine whether hens overlap horses and vice versa.

Propagate the particular through the universal inclusion.

• Premise 1: Some hens are cows, so Hens ∩ Cows ≠ ∅.
• Premise 2: All cows are horses, so Cows ⊆ Horses.
• Conclusions: I. Some horses are hens. II. Some hens are horses.