Particular conversion and scope of a universal negative: from ‘‘Some desks are caps’’ and ‘‘No cap is red’’ decide which conclusions about caps being desks and desks being non red are compelled.
Verbal Reasoning
Logical Deduction
Difficulty: Medium
Choose an option
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AOnly conclusion I follows
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BOnly conclusion II follows
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CEither I or II follows
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DNeither I nor II follows
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EBoth I and II follow
Answer
Correct Answer: Only conclusion I follows
Explanation
Work each conclusion directly from the premises.
- Premise 1: Some desks are caps, so Desks ∩ Caps ≠ ∅.
- Premise 2: No cap is red, so Caps ∩ Red = ∅.
- Conclusions: I. Some caps are desks. II. No desk is red.