Statement–Argument — Should there be a total ban on the use of plastic bags? Arguments: I. No. Specify a minimum thickness/standard so that limited, safer use is possible with lower environmental damage. II. Yes. Plastic bags cause pollution, clog drains, and aggravate waterlogging; hence a ban is necessary.

Introduction / Context:
Environmental regulation often weighs outright bans against standard-setting (e.g., thickness, recyclability). In reasoning tests, opposing arguments can both be strong if each presents a coherent regulatory pathway addressing the policy goal.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• Policy: Impose a total ban on plastic bags.
• Arg I: Use standards (e.g., minimum thickness) to reduce damage while allowing limited utility and better recycling.
• Arg II: Highlight harms (pollution, drain blockage, waterlogging), arguing for a complete ban.

Concept / Approach:
Argument I is a harm-reduction framework—engineering controls, reusability, and improved waste management. Argument II invokes precautionary principle—when cumulative harm is high and enforcement is difficult, bans can be justified. Both are policy-relevant.

Step-by-Step Solution:
1) I is strong: standards target product design and enable compliance monitoring; they can shift consumers to reusable alternatives.2) II is strong: pervasive litter, drainage failure, and microplastics support stringent action; bans may be effective where enforcement of standards is weak.3) As both represent coherent regulatory strategies, both arguments are strong.

Verification / Alternative check:
Jurisdictions pursue either phased standards or outright bans depending on local waste systems, showing both arguments are credible routes.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:
Picking only one disregards the alternative, equally valid pathway; “either” is incorrect because both are strong.

Common Pitfalls:
Treating regulatory choices as zero-sum rather than context-dependent.

Final Answer:
If both I and II is strong.