Volatility of SRAM technology: Evaluate the statement — “Static RAM (SRAM) technology is volatile.”

Introduction / Context:
Memory technologies are categorized as volatile (lose data without power) or nonvolatile (retain data). Static RAM (SRAM) is widely used for caches and fast buffers. Knowing its volatility helps designers plan backup strategies and choose appropriate nonvolatile storage for code and persistent data.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• SRAM stores bits using bistable latching elements (typically 6T cells).
• SRAM requires a stable power supply to preserve cell states.
• No special nonvolatile mechanism (e.g., floating gate) is present in standard SRAM.

Concept / Approach:
In SRAM, each bit is maintained by cross-coupled inverters that hold a state as long as power is applied. Removing power collapses the inverters’ states and data is lost. Therefore, SRAM is inherently volatile. Nonvolatile behavior requires technologies like flash, EEPROM, MRAM, FRAM, or battery-backed SRAM modules (the latter remain volatile without the battery).

Step-by-Step Solution:

Verification / Alternative check:
Data retention tests show SRAM contents vanish after supply removal, whereas flash retains data. Battery-backed SRAM retains data only while the battery is good, underscoring inherent volatility.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:

• Incorrect: Contradicts fundamental SRAM operation.
• Only volatile when unclocked: SRAM does not need a clock for retention; it needs power.
• Nonvolatile if battery-backed: The battery is an external aid; the core cell remains volatile.
• Becomes nonvolatile above 3.3 V: Voltage level does not change volatility class.

Common Pitfalls:
Confusing SRAM with DRAM (which needs refresh) or with nonvolatile memories; assuming standby current equals nonvolatility; overlooking data loss during brownouts.

Final Answer:
Correct