Pulse-triggered vs. level-triggered devices — are they the same? Assess the statement: “Pulse-triggered or level-triggered devices are the same.”

Introduction / Context:
Digital storage elements come in different triggering styles. Level-triggered devices (transparent latches) pass input changes while the enable level is active; pulse-triggered (edge-like) or edge-triggered devices capture data at a brief interval or an instant. Equating them leads to timing errors and race conditions.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• Level-triggered latch: transparent when enable level is asserted; opaque otherwise.
• Pulse-triggered: responds during a narrow pulse; edge-triggered: responds at a transition (rising/falling edge).
• All observe setup/hold around their sampling window.

Concept / Approach:
Latches can propagate glitches and allow input changes to flow to outputs during the entire enable level, which can create unintended feedback if not staged properly. Edge/pulse-triggered elements minimize transparency, sampling data once per cycle, enabling straightforward synchronous pipelines with well-defined clock boundaries.

Step-by-Step Solution:
Compare timing diagrams: latch output follows input during enable; flip-flop output updates only near the edge/pulse.Analyze hazard: combinational feedback can oscillate during latch transparency; edge-triggered devices break this path.Conclude they are functionally different and used for different timing goals.

Verification / Alternative check:
Design a two-phase latch system versus one-phase edge-triggered pipeline; behavior differs despite identical clock periods.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:
“Correct,” “equivalent at low frequency,” and “equivalent at 50% duty” ignore qualitative transparency differences; frequency or duty cycle does not remove the fundamental timing model distinctions.

Common Pitfalls:
Assuming latch-based circuits are drop-in replacements for edge-based ones; forgetting time-borrowing properties of latches versus fixed edge timing.

Final Answer:
Incorrect