Harbour engineering terminology: identify the correct statements regarding moles, quay walls, and types of breakwaters.
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AThe breakwater that can serve as a platform for loading and unloading cargo is called a mole
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BA brick masonry retaining wall used for loading and unloading cargo is called a quay wall
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CThree types of breakwaters are generally provided in harbours
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DAll of the above.
Answer
Correct Answer: All of the above.
Explanation
Introduction / Context:Ports and harbours use a family of specialized structures. Knowing the correct names and roles—moles, quay walls, and breakwaters—helps in reading plans and specifying works.
Given Data / Assumptions:
- A mole is a breakwater or similar structure that also accommodates operations on its crest.
- A quay wall is a retaining wall forming a berth edge for cargo handling.
- Breakwaters are commonly categorized (e.g., rubble mound, composite, and vertical/upright types).
Concept / Approach:Moles differ from purely protective breakwaters in that they provide working platforms. Quay walls retain fill and provide berthing faces. Breakwaters are grouped by cross-section and construction type, commonly into three broad classes.
Step-by-Step Solution:Confirm (a): Mole = protective structure usable as a working platform.Confirm (b): Quay wall = retaining/berthing wall used for loading/unloading.Confirm (c): Broadly three classes are recognized.Therefore, all statements are correct.
Verification / Alternative check:Harbour engineering texts describe these standard definitions.
Why Other Options Are Wrong:
- Choosing a subset would omit accepted terminology and classification.
Common Pitfalls:
- Misspelling 'quay' as 'guay'; the accepted spelling is 'quay'.
Final Answer:All of the above.