In mooring arrangements for harbours, a fixed mooring (to shore fixtures) does not require which of the following components?

Introduction / Context:
Mooring methods are broadly classified into fixed moorings (lines secured to shore fixtures) and buoy/anchor moorings (lines secured to anchors via buoys). Knowing which hardware is essential in each method is fundamental for port operations and design of berthing facilities.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• Fixed mooring implies the vessel's lines are made fast to shore-side fixtures.
• Common shore fixtures include bollards and mooring posts.
• Anchors are typically associated with buoyed or anchorage-based moorings offshore.

Concept / Approach:
In a fixed mooring at a quay/jetty, the vessel uses its own mooring lines to bollards or mooring posts. Anchors are not required to hold station because the quay provides the reaction and berth-side fittings. Ancillary equipment like a capstan/winch may assist handling but does not change the basic hardware requirement that no anchors are needed for the fixed arrangement.

Step-by-Step Solution:
Identify components integral to shore-side securing: bollards and mooring posts are necessary.Recognize that anchors are used in buoy/anchorage moorings, not fixed quay moorings.Select the item not required: anchors.

Verification / Alternative check:
Standard harbour-engineering texts and MCQ repositories state fixed moorings do not require anchors; they utilize shore fittings instead.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:

• Bollards and mooring posts are essential shore fixtures.
• Capstan aids handling but is commonly present on quays or vessels.
• Fairleads guide lines and are part of ship/berth fittings.

Common Pitfalls:
Confusing fixed moorings with mooring-buoy systems; assuming every mooring requires anchors.

Final Answer:
Anchors