In organizational theory for project execution, a purely military organization structure is classically referred to as a line organisation (single, direct chain of command).

Difficulty: Easy

Correct Answer: line organisation

Explanation:


Introduction / Context:
This question examines recognition of classical organizational forms. The 'military' model emphasizes unity of command and a clear scalar chain—attributes of a line organisation—often contrasted with line-and-staff or functional structures used in complex civil projects.


Given Data / Assumptions:

  • 'Military organisation' implies rigid hierarchy and direct authority.
  • We must map this to a textbook organization type.
  • No hybrid advisory (staff) or functional specialization is implied.


Concept / Approach:
Line organisation features a single, uninterrupted line of authority from top to bottom. Orders flow downward; responsibility and accountability flow upward. It mirrors classical military command where clarity and speed are paramount. Line-and-staff adds specialists advising line managers; functional splits authority by function—both differ from the pure military pattern.


Step-by-Step Solution:
1) Decode 'military': strict hierarchy, unity of command.2) Match with structures: line = direct command chain; line-and-staff = advisory overlay; functional = multiple bosses by specialty.3) Select the structure closest to military practice: line organisation.


Verification / Alternative check:
Management texts consistently equate military command systems with line organisation, citing clarity, discipline, and fast decision pathways as defining traits.


Why Other Options Are Wrong:

  • Line and staff organisation: Adds advisory staff; not a pure military model.
  • Functional organisation: Violates unity of command by multiple functional heads.
  • None of these: Incorrect since a direct match exists.


Common Pitfalls:

  • Assuming 'military' implies heavy staff advisory—classically it does not.
  • Confusing functional specialization with command discipline.


Final Answer:
line organisation.

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