Material handling in cement manufacture Which equipment is most widely used to handle bulk materials along distances in cement plants?

Introduction / Context:
Cement manufacturing involves continuous movement of bulk solids such as limestone, clay, additives, clinker, and cement. Efficient handling reduces cost and dust and maintains throughput.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• Large tonnages must be moved horizontally or on gentle inclines.
• Continuous, reliable transport is preferred.
• Dust control and energy efficiency are important.

Concept / Approach:
Belt conveyors carry bulk materials over long distances with steady flow, relatively low power per tonne-km, and good containment with covers. Bucket conveyors (bucket elevators) are used primarily for vertical lifts between levels, not for long horizontal runs.

Step-by-Step Solution:
Identify transport task (horizontal transfer of raw meal, clinker, or cement).Match to equipment capabilities: belts for distance; buckets for vertical elevation; trucks/forklifts for discrete palletized loads; cranes for heavy discrete lifts.Select belt conveyor as the primary solution for most interbuilding and in-plant horizontal movements.

Verification / Alternative check:
Throughput calculations and power estimates show belts achieve target flow with lower unit cost than intermittent vehicles.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:
Bucket conveyors suit vertical elevation; forklifts and overhead cranes handle discrete items, not continuous bulk flow; pallet jacks are manual aids for pallets only.

Common Pitfalls:
Undersizing belt width or speed, ignoring transfer point dust control, and poor idler alignment can increase spillage and energy use.

Final Answer:
Belt conveyor