In management theory, information serves two primary purposes for managers: planning and what other essential function?

Introduction / Context:
Management relies on information for setting direction and for ensuring operations adhere to that direction. Classical frameworks consistently pair planning with another fundamental function that monitors execution and initiates corrective actions.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• Planning sets objectives and allocates resources.
• Ongoing operations must be measured against those plans.
• We are identifying the standard paired function with planning.

Concept / Approach:
The complementary function is control. Control uses information to compare actual results with planned targets, detect variance, and trigger corrective steps. In MIS, this translates to KPIs, dashboards, variance reports, and alerts enabling timely interventions, thus closing the management loop.

Step-by-Step Solution:

Verification / Alternative check:
Management texts (and the PDCA cycle) show that control closes the loop from planning to execution to improvement.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:

• Programmable: Not a function of management.
• Predictive reports: A tool, not the function itself.
• Relevant: A quality of information, not a management function.
• None: Incorrect because control is correct.

Common Pitfalls:
Confusing information qualities or report categories with high-level managerial functions.

Final Answer:
control