Digital communications: which statement correctly characterizes parallel data transmission compared to serial transmission in microcomputer contexts?

Introduction / Context:
Data can be transmitted either serially (one bit at a time) or in parallel (multiple bits simultaneously). Understanding the distinguishing features of parallel transmission clarifies why it is common inside computers and peripherals over short distances, while serial links dominate external, longer-range communication between systems.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• “Parallel” refers to multiple data lines carrying bits at the same time (commonly 8 bits for a byte-wide path).
• Microcomputers often use serial protocols (USB, RS-232, Ethernet) for inter-computer links.
• Parallel is typically faster over short distances but suffers from skew and crosstalk at longer distances.

Concept / Approach:
The defining property of parallel transmission is that multiple bits (frequently a whole byte) move at the same instant across separate conductors. Historically, printer ports and internal buses are parallel. In contrast, “speed quoted only in bits per second” is not unique to parallel; both serial and parallel can be expressed in bps or bytes per second. Parallel is not inherently slower; over short spans it is often faster, though modern serial technologies achieve high aggregate rates. Finally, inter-computer communication today is predominantly serial, not parallel.

Step-by-Step Solution:

Verification / Alternative check:
Textbooks define parallel transmission by width (e.g., 8-bit or wider buses). Interface standards (PCI/older printer ports) historically embody this definition.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:

• Only in bps: not exclusive to parallel.
• Slower than serial: generally false for short distances.
• Most microcomputers communicate this way: false; serial dominates external comms.
• All of the above: incorrect due to the above errors.

Common Pitfalls:
Assuming “serial = slow” and “parallel = always faster” universally; context (distance, clocking, encoding) matters.

Final Answer:
It involves the simultaneous transmission of eight bits.