Grinding – process classification: Grinding is primarily considered which type of manufacturing operation?

Introduction / Context:
Grinding removes small amounts of material using bonded abrasives with many cutting points. It is widely used to produce tight tolerances and fine surface finish on hardened or difficult materials. The question asks for its principal classification.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• Conventional precision grinding (surface, cylindrical, tool-and-cutter).
• Focus on typical shop practice rather than rough snagging.
• Abrasive wheels periodically dressed to restore sharpness.

Concept / Approach:
Although grinding certainly shapes parts, its defining role in precision manufacturing is achieving the final size and finish after prior stock removal operations. Hence it is classed primarily as a surface finishing (or finishing) operation, especially compared to turning, milling, and shaping that remove larger stock.

Step-by-Step Solution:

Verification / Alternative check:
Process plans place grinding at the end of routing for high-precision components (shafts, bearing seats, gauges), underscoring its finishing role.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:

• Shaping/forming are broader categories; grinding is used after those to refine size/finish.
• Dressing is done on the wheel to restore cutting ability, not the work operation classification.

Common Pitfalls:
Assuming grinding only finishes; creep-feed grinding can remove significant stock, but the mainstream view is finishing.

Final Answer:
Surface finishing operation