Understanding D/A converter resolution In DAC specifications, the resolution is best defined as which of the following?

Introduction / Context:
Resolution is a core DAC specification that determines the smallest change in output corresponding to a 1-LSB code change. Distinguishing resolution from accuracy and linearity helps engineers choose the right converter for a given measurement or control task.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• DAC output range is divided into discrete steps by its bit resolution.
• Ideal DACs have evenly spaced levels from zero to full scale.
• Terminology like accuracy and linearity describe different error behaviors.

Concept / Approach:

For an n-bit DAC, there are 2^n discrete output codes. The resolution (as a fraction of full scale) is 1 / (2^n − 1) for step size or often approximated by 1 / 2^n across the full range. In words, it is the reciprocal of the number of output steps. Accuracy and linearity quantify how close the actual outputs are to the ideal levels, not the granularity of steps.

Step-by-Step Solution:

Verification / Alternative check:

Example: a 10-bit DAC has 1024 levels; resolution ≈ 1/1024 of full scale per LSB, which matches the reciprocal relationship.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:

• Option A: describes accuracy (comparison of actual vs expected).
• Option C: describes integral nonlinearity (INL).
• Option D: loosely alludes to differential nonlinearity/hysteresis, not the resolution definition.

Common Pitfalls:

• Equating resolution with accuracy; high resolution does not guarantee high accuracy without proper calibration and linearity.

Final Answer:

the reciprocal of the number of discrete steps in the D/A output