Assertion–Reason (Two Reasons): Assertion (A): Man–animal conflict is on the rise. Reason (R1): Over the years, humans have become more hostile and aggressive. Reason (R2): There is a clash of interests between humans and animals.
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AIf only reason 1 (R1) and not reason 2 (R2) is the reason for the assertion (A).
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BIf only reason 2 (R2) and not reason 1 (R1) is the reason for the assertion (A).
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CIf both (R1) and (R2) are reasons for the assertion (A).
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DIf neither (R1) nor (R2) is the reason for the assertion (A).
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EIf (R1) is partly correct and (R2) is partly correct.
Answer
Correct Answer: If only reason 2 (R2) and not reason 1 (R1) is the reason for the assertion (A).
Explanation
Introduction / Context:The assertion notes rising human–wildlife conflict. We must evaluate whether a generalized claim about human hostility or a structural “clash of interests” better explains the trend.
Given Data / Assumptions:
- (A) Conflict incidents are increasing.
- (R1) Posits increased human hostility/aggression over time.
- (R2) Posits structural conflict due to overlapping needs (land, water, food, safety).
Concept / Approach:Human–wildlife conflict typically emerges from habitat fragmentation, encroachment, resource competition, crop depredation, and settlement expansion—classic interest clashes—rather than shifts in individual-level hostility traits.
Step-by-Step Solution:
1) (R1) is speculative and anthropomorphic; it lacks direct explanatory power for spatial–ecological drivers.2) (R2) correctly identifies the structural cause: overlapping resource use increases encounters and conflict probability.3) Therefore, accept (R2) and reject (R1) as the explanatory reason.Verification / Alternative check:Case studies often point to corridor loss, shrinking prey bases, water sources, and cropland interfaces as conflict hotspots.
Why Other Options Are Wrong:(a) overstates (R1); (c) includes an unhelpful generalization; (d) rejects a valid structural account; (e) unnecessary hedging.
Common Pitfalls:Explaining ecological conflicts via personality traits rather than landscape and resource dynamics.
Final Answer:Option B: Only (R2) explains the assertion.