Assertion–Reason (Why is saffron the costliest spice?) Assertion (A): Saffron is the costliest spice in the world. Reason (R1): Cultivation and production of saffron are painstaking and expensive. Reason (R2): Saffron is highly sought after as a spice. Choose which reason(s) truly explain A.

Introduction / Context:Saffron’s price reflects extreme labor inputs (stigmas hand-harvested from crocus flowers) and strong culinary/pharmacological demand. The Assertion–Reason test asks whether costliest pricing (A) is explained by production cost (R1) and demand (R2).

Given Data / Assumptions:

• A: Saffron is the costliest spice.
• R1: Production is painstaking and expensive (very low yield per flower, intense manual labor).
• R2: Saffron remains highly desired (flavor, color, perceived health/cultural value).

Concept / Approach:Price level is co-determined by supply-side scarcity/cost and demand-side willingness to pay. Saffron exhibits both: high marginal cost and limited supply (R1) plus persistent demand (R2).

Step-by-Step Solution:

Verification / Alternative check:If either component vanished (cheap mechanized production or weak demand), price would fall—confirming both reasons matter.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:A or B alone are incomplete; D denies clear economics.

Common Pitfalls:Assuming a single-cause explanation for market prices when both supply and demand contribute.

Final Answer:If both (R1) and (R2) are reasons for the assertion (A).