Assertion–Reason (Pamir = “Roof of the World”) \nAssertion (A): The Pamir Mountains have been given the name “Roof of the World.”\nReason (R1): The Pamirs are in Asia.\nReason (R2): The Pamirs protect Asia from natural calamities.\nChoose which reason(s) truly explain A.

Introduction / Context:
The epithet “Roof of the World” references very high elevations and central highland plateaus. The task is to test whether the given reasons logically explain the title.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• A: Pamirs are termed the “Roof of the World.”
• R1: The Pamirs are in Asia (a geographic location fact).
• R2: The Pamirs protect Asia from natural calamities (a vague and unsubstantiated claim).

Concept / Approach:
The nickname arises from altitude/physiography (very high terrain at the junction of multiple ranges). R1 is true but locational and not explanatory; R2 is not a recognized reason for the epithet.

Step-by-Step Solution:

Verification / Alternative check:
An appropriate reason would mention extreme elevations and high plateau characteristics; neither R1 nor R2 does.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:
A/B/C attribute explanatory power that is missing.

Common Pitfalls:
Accepting true-but-irrelevant facts (R1) as reasons; relying on unverified generalities (R2).

Final Answer:
If neither (R1) nor (R2) is the reason for the assertion (A).