Assertion–Reason (Pamir = “Roof of the World”) Assertion (A): The Pamir Mountains have been given the name “Roof of the World.” Reason (R1): The Pamirs are in Asia. Reason (R2): The Pamirs protect Asia from natural calamities. Choose which reason(s) truly explain A.
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AIf only reason 1 (R1) and not reason 2 (R2) is the reason for the assertion (A).
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BIf only reason 2 (R2) and not reason 1 (R1) is the reason for the assertion (A).
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CIf both (R1) and (R2) are reasons for the assertion (A).
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DIf neither (R1) nor (R2) is the reason for the assertion (A).
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ENone of these
Answer
Correct Answer: If neither (R1) nor (R2) is the reason for the assertion (A).
Explanation
Introduction / Context:The epithet “Roof of the World” references very high elevations and central highland plateaus. The task is to test whether the given reasons logically explain the title.
Given Data / Assumptions:
- A: Pamirs are termed the “Roof of the World.”
- R1: The Pamirs are in Asia (a geographic location fact).
- R2: The Pamirs protect Asia from natural calamities (a vague and unsubstantiated claim).
Concept / Approach:The nickname arises from altitude/physiography (very high terrain at the junction of multiple ranges). R1 is true but locational and not explanatory; R2 is not a recognized reason for the epithet.
Step-by-Step Solution:
1) Check R1: Being in Asia does not entail “roof” status; many Asian ranges are not so called.2) Check R2: “Protecting Asia” neither defines nor historically underpins the moniker.3) Hence, neither R1 nor R2 explains A.Verification / Alternative check:An appropriate reason would mention extreme elevations and high plateau characteristics; neither R1 nor R2 does.
Why Other Options Are Wrong:A/B/C attribute explanatory power that is missing.
Common Pitfalls:Accepting true-but-irrelevant facts (R1) as reasons; relying on unverified generalities (R2).
Final Answer:If neither (R1) nor (R2) is the reason for the assertion (A).