Direct syllogism – Identify the necessary conclusion: Statements: • All men are mortal. • Ramu is a man. Which conclusion must follow?

Introduction / Context:
A textbook categorical syllogism: from a universal inclusion to a specific instance.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• Men ⊆ Mortal.
• Ramu ∈ Men.

Concept / Approach:
Membership in a subset compels membership in the superset. Therefore the individual inherits the property “mortal”.

Step-by-Step Solution:
From Men ⊆ Mortal and Ramu ∈ Men, infer Ramu ∈ Mortal.

Verification / Alternative check:
No countermodel exists because the universal premise makes it impossible for any man to be outside Mortal.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:
They contradict the universal premise.

Common Pitfalls:
None here; this is the archetype of correct syllogistic instantiation.

Final Answer:
Ramu is mortal.