Syllogism – Universal negative: Statement: • No children are voters. Conclusions: I) All adults are voters. II) No voters are children.

Introduction / Context:From a universal negative about two sets (Children and Voters), we derive what is necessarily true about their relations.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• Children ∩ Voters = ∅.
• No information about Adults is given.

Concept / Approach:“No children are voters” is symmetric: it also means “No voters are children.” But it says nothing about adults; asserting that all adults are voters is unwarranted.

Step-by-Step Solution:From C ∩ V = ∅, deduce V ∩ C = ∅ (same statement). Hence II follows.The statement provides zero linkage between Adults and Voters, so I is not forced.

Verification / Alternative check:Construct models where many adults are voters, or few are voters; the premise remains true either way, proving I is not necessary while II is always true.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:They either deny the symmetric negative or introduce unjustified universals about Adults.

Common Pitfalls:Assuming “no children are voters” implies “all voters are adults”; the premise does not assert that.

Final Answer:Only conclusion II follows.