GIS capabilities versus traditional mapping — identify the incorrect statement Which statement about Geographic Information Systems (GIS) is NOT correct?

Introduction / Context:
GIS extends traditional cartography by integrating databases, spatial analysis, and modelling. It supports dynamic querying, overlays, and geostatistics that go far beyond static paper maps.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• GIS = data model + spatial operations + cartographic output.
• Traditional mapping = largely static representation.
• We must spot the incorrect statement about GIS.

Concept / Approach:
Statements highlighting analysis (overlay, buffering, network analysis) and environmental applications are correct. Equating GIS with traditional mapping is wrong because GIS is an analytical information system with storage, processing, and modelling capabilities.

Step-by-Step Reasoning:

Verification / Alternative check:
Common GIS workflows include raster–vector processing, geocoding, spatial joins, and suitability modelling — none are possible with static maps alone.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:

• (b), (c), (d) accurately reflect GIS features; marking them “not correct” would be false.
• None of these: incorrect since (a) is clearly wrong.

Common Pitfalls:
Confusing digital cartography (map drawing) with full GIS (analysis + database + tools).

Final Answer:
GIS technology is the same as traditional mapping