Vegetation canopy optics — region with maximum multiple-leaf effect In which part of the reflective optical/infrared spectrum is the effect of multiple leaves in a vegetation canopy (strong internal scattering) most pronounced?

Introduction / Context:
Vegetation reflectance spectra are shaped by pigment absorption in the visible and by internal leaf–canopy scattering in the near-infrared (NIR). The dramatic reflectance rise near 0.7 μm, often called the red edge, underpins vegetation indices and biophysical retrievals.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• Healthy green vegetation with typical chlorophyll content.
• Multiple-leaf canopy with gaps and varying leaf angles.
• Focus on reflective optical/IR, not thermal emission.

Concept / Approach:
In the visible, pigments (chlorophylls, carotenoids) absorb strongly, limiting multiple scattering. In the NIR, absorption is weak; leaf cellular structure and air–cell interfaces cause strong scattering, elevating canopy reflectance and enhancing multiple interactions between leaves.

Step-by-Step Reasoning:

Verification / Alternative check:
Measured leaf and canopy spectra show a sharp increase beyond ~0.7 μm and plateau in NIR; radiative transfer models (e.g., PROSAIL) reproduce this behaviour.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:

• Visible: dominated by absorption, not multiple scattering.
• SWIR: water absorption bands reduce internal scattering dominance.
• All of the above: Overstates; NIR is the principal region.

Common Pitfalls:
Assuming green appearance implies high visible reflectance; most reflectance in vegetation comes from NIR, not the green band.

Final Answer:
The near-IR (0.7 – 1.3 μm) region