Structure of an electromagnetic wave — fields, orientation, and polarisation Pick the comprehensive correct statement set about the composition of EM waves, field orientation, and the meaning of polarisation.

Introduction / Context:
Maxwell’s equations predict coupled electric (E) and magnetic (H) fields forming a transverse wave. Understanding their geometry and polarisation is fundamental in optics, antennas, radar, and remote sensing calibration.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• Homogeneous, source-free medium.
• Plane wave approximation.
• Right-handed E–H–k triad.

Concept / Approach:
In free space, E ⟂ H ⟂ k (propagation direction). For propagation along z, E and H lie in the XY plane. Polarisation specifies how the E-field vector is oriented (and evolves) in time and space (linear, circular, elliptical).

Step-by-Step Reasoning:

Verification / Alternative check:
Antenna polarisations (H/V, RHCP/LHCP) demonstrate practical importance for link budgets and scattering behaviour.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:

• Each individual statement is correct; the comprehensive choice is appropriate.

Common Pitfalls:
Assuming longitudinal components exist in free space plane waves; mixing up polarisation of E vs H (E defines polarisation by convention).

Final Answer:
All of these