Read/write memory identification: Which of the following is a standard example of read/write (random-access, user-alterable during normal operation) semiconductor memory?

Introduction / Context:
Semiconductor memories are commonly grouped into read/write memories and read-mostly or read-only memories. Read/write memory typically refers to RAM used as working storage in computers and embedded systems. Recognizing which technologies are volatile, nonvolatile, erasable, or one-time programmable is basic to memory selection and system design.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• Read/write memory here means memory freely writable and readable during normal system operation.
• Standard device categories: RAM, PROM, EEPROM, Mask ROM (MROM), Flash.
• General textbook conventions are assumed.

Concept / Approach:
RAM (Random-Access Memory) is the canonical read/write memory: the processor can store and retrieve data at any time during normal operation. PROM and MROM are programmed once (PROM by the user with a programmer; MROM at the factory). EEPROM and Flash are nonvolatile and electrically erasable, but not typically written as frequently as RAM during normal program execution; their writes are slower and follow erase-program cycles.

Step-by-Step Solution:

Verification / Alternative check:
Typical architectures: program/data execute in RAM; firmware or configuration data reside in nonvolatile memories (Flash/EEPROM) updated infrequently. This separation confirms RAM as the intended answer.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:
PROM and MROM are not rewritable in-system. EEPROM and Flash are rewritable but slow, endurance-limited, and usually not used for general-purpose working memory.

Common Pitfalls:
Equating “electrically erasable” with the same role as RAM; although writable, EEPROM/Flash have different performance and usage models.

Final Answer:
RAM