EEPROM data characteristics: The binary information stored in an EEPROM device is best described as which of the following?

Introduction / Context:
Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory (EEPROM) is a nonvolatile memory technology used for configuration, calibration constants, and small data logs. Understanding whether the data is volatile, permanent, or erasable helps in selecting storage for embedded systems and firmware updates.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• EEPROM retains data without power (nonvolatile).
• It can be reprogrammed electrically in-system.
• Erase/write operations are slower and wear-limited compared to RAM writes.

Concept / Approach:
The defining feature of EEPROM is that stored information persists with power removed and can be erased and rewritten electrically. Therefore, among the options given, “erasable” captures the essential capability. Calling it “permanent” would be misleading because the device’s very purpose is reprogrammability. It is not volatile, and it does not require periodic refresh like DRAM.

Step-by-Step Solution:

Verification / Alternative check:
EEPROM datasheets describe erase/write cycles, endurance (e.g., 100k+ cycles), and data retention (e.g., 10 years), reinforcing that data is both nonvolatile and erasable.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:
Volatile: incorrect; EEPROM holds data without power. Permanent: incorrect; data can be erased. Refreshed: not required (that is DRAM behavior). Dynamic only during power-on: not a standard description.

Common Pitfalls:
Confusing EEPROM with ROM (truly fixed) or with Flash (block-erase, similar concept but different erase granularity and speeds).

Final Answer:
Erasable