Picornaviridae taxonomy refresher: Which genera are included within the family Picornaviridae for human medicine and classic teaching?

Introduction:
Picornaviridae are small, non-enveloped, positive-sense RNA viruses of major clinical importance. A common exam task is to recognize which familiar genera belong to this family.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• Genera listed: Enterovirus (polio, coxsackie, echo), Rhinovirus (common cold), Hepatovirus (hepatitis A virus).
• Family features: icosahedral capsid, positive-sense RNA, cytoplasmic replication.
• We select inclusion within Picornaviridae.

Concept / Approach:
Enterovirus, Rhinovirus, and Hepatovirus are canonical picornavirus genera in medical microbiology texts. They differ in acid stability and tissue tropism, but share genome organization and replication strategy typical of picornaviruses.

Step-by-Step Solution:
List the classic human-related picornavirus genera. Confirm each listed genus is recognized as part of Picornaviridae. Choose the aggregate answer that includes all three. Select “All of these.”

Verification / Alternative check:
Standard family trees place poliovirus (Enterovirus), rhinoviruses, and HAV (Hepatovirus) squarely under Picornaviridae, despite ecological differences.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:
Any single genus choice is incomplete; “None” contradicts well-established taxonomy.

Common Pitfalls:
Assuming rhinoviruses are excluded because they are acid-labile; acid lability does not change family placement.

Final Answer:
All of these.