Cell culture support for polioviruses: Which cell lines can support the growth of poliovirus in the laboratory?

Introduction:
Poliovirus is a positive-sense RNA enterovirus historically propagated in tissue culture for research and vaccine production. Recognizing permissive cell lines is a classic laboratory virology competency.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• Candidate cell lines include human amnion, monkey kidney, and HeLa.
• We assume standard lab conditions with appropriate media and temperature.
• Outcome of interest is ability to support poliovirus growth and cytopathic effect.

Concept / Approach:
Poliovirus has long been cultivated in primate-derived cell lines, notably monkey kidney cells, and also in continuous human cell lines such as HeLa. Human amnion cells can also support growth. If each listed line is permissive, the correct choice is the inclusive option.

Step-by-Step Solution:
Recall Salk and Sabin vaccine production history using primate kidney lines. Note the robust poliovirus replication and CPE documented in HeLa cells. Recognize human amnion cells as historically used for certain enteroviruses. Conclude all listed cell lines can support poliovirus growth.

Verification / Alternative check:
Classic virology lab manuals and historical vaccine literature document poliovirus propagation in these cells, confirming their permissiveness.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:

• Any single line alone: Incomplete because more than one listed line is permissive.
• None of these: False because several listed lines are well established for poliovirus.

Common Pitfalls:
Equating historical primate kidney use with exclusivity; continuous human lines like HeLa are also suitable under appropriate conditions.

Final Answer:
All of these cell lines can support poliovirus growth.