Micro-biosensors overview: Which statements about micro-scale biosensors are accurate in biomedical and analytical applications?

Introduction / Context:
Micro-biosensors combine microfabrication with biochemical recognition to monitor metabolites, ions, or biomarkers in small volumes or in vivo. Their compact size and integrability enable point-of-care testing, implantable monitors, and high-throughput screening.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• Implantable use requires biocompatibility and miniaturization.
• Integration on-chip enables multiplexed assays.
• Mass production reduces cost and enables disposability.

Concept / Approach:
Advances in MEMS, microfluidics, and surface chemistry allow robust, selective sensors on silicon, polymers, or flexible substrates. Disposable formats minimize fouling risks and cross-contamination, while implants provide continuous monitoring (for example, glucose sensors).

Step-by-Step Solution:

Verification / Alternative check:
Commercial continuous glucose monitors, lab-on-chip analyzers, and disposable strips exemplify implantation, integration, and mass production.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:

Common Pitfalls:
Assuming that implantability and disposability are mutually exclusive; different designs serve different use-cases.

Final Answer:
All of these.