Statement — “He is a member of the jury which held Ashok guilty.” Question — Which conclusion necessarily follows?
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Aif only conclusion I follows
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Bif only conclusion II follows
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Cif either I or II follows
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Dif neither I nor II follows, and
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ENone of the above
Answer
Correct Answer: if neither I nor II follows, and
Explanation
Introduction / Context:We are told only that the person was a member of a jury whose collective verdict was “guilty.” We must not presume the individual vote.
Given Data / Assumptions:Collective verdict ≠ unanimous individual agreement unless stated.
Concept / Approach:Conclusion I asserts the individual voted “guilty,” which is possible but not necessary. Conclusion II asserts the convict is innocent, contradicting the verdict and also unsupported.
Step-by-Step Solution:
Conclusion I: Could be false in a split jury where a minority dissented. Not entailed.Conclusion II: Asserts innocence; no such claim in the stem. Not entailed.Verification / Alternative check:Both scenarios—member voted “guilty” or “not guilty”—fit the stem. Thus neither conclusion necessarily follows.
Why Other Options Are Wrong:Any option selecting I or II assumes knowledge we do not possess.
Common Pitfalls:Equating group outcome with each member’s stance.
Final Answer:if neither I nor II follows, and