Critical reasoning — installing high chimneys in industries: Should industries install high chimneys, with one argument claiming reduced ground-level pollution and the other warning of increased upper-atmosphere pollution?

Given data

• Statement: Install high chimneys?
• Argument I (Yes): Lowers pollutant concentration at ground level where people live/work.
• Argument II (No): Increases pollution in the upper atmosphere.

Concept/Approach (exposure reduction vs. asserted externality)A strong argument must directly address human exposure and feasibility. High stacks disperse emissions and reduce ground-level concentrations; Argument II is speculative and not supported in the prompt with proportional risk analysis.

Step 1: Assess Argument IDirectly tied to the objective—reduce harmful exposure where it is highest (ground level).

Step 2: Assess Argument IIMentions a potential trade-off but provides no context on relative harm; the primary public-health goal remains ground-level reduction. Hence weak.

Final AnswerOnly argument I is strong.