Arguments evaluation (instalment buying and consumer welfare): Is purchasing goods on instalments profitable for the customer? Evaluate—(I) Yes: the customer pays less; (II) No: paying instalments upsets the family budget—checking factual correctness and over-generalisation.

Given data

• Topic: Instalment (hire-purchase/EMI) buying.
• Argument I: Claims the buyer “has to pay less.”
• Argument II: Claims EMIs upset the family budget.

Concept / ApproachA strong argument must be generally true or well-reasoned. Argument I is factually suspect (interest/charges often increase total outgo). Argument II is an over-generalisation (budget impact depends on income planning).

Step-by-step evaluationStep 1: I is typically false—EMIs generally cost more than cash price (interest/fees). Hence weak.Step 2: II alleges universal budget disruption; disciplined EMIs can smooth cashflows. The blanket claim is weak.

Verification / AlternativeProfitability depends on discount rates, fees, and opportunity cost—nuanced, not captured by I or II.

Common pitfalls

• Accepting absolute statements about financial products without conditions.

Final AnswerNeither I nor II is strong.