Question 1

In a certain code language, BLEACH is written as LBAEHC. Using the same pattern of rearrangement, which of the following words is coded as NBOLZKMH?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This is a rearrangement-based coding question. The word BLEACH is coded as LBAEHC, which shows that the letters are not being replaced with different letters but are instead swapped in pairs. The question asks us to find which original word, when coded using the same pair-wise swapping rule, will result in NBOLZKMH. Thus we must understand the rearrangement for BLEACH, then reverse it for NBOLZKMH and match with the options. Given Data / Assumptions: BLEACH becomes LBAEHC in the code language. The number of letters remains the same; only the order changes. The coding appears to involve swapping adjacent letters in pairs. We must find which option word, when coded, gives NBOLZKMH. Concept / Approach: By comparing BLEACH and LBAEHC, we can detect a pattern of pairwise swapping: the first letter swaps with the second, the third with the fourth, and the fifth with the sixth. This pattern can be represented as swapping positions (1,2), (3,4) and (5,6). To decode NBOLZKMH, we can apply the same swap within each pair to get back the original word. That decoded original word should be present among the options. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Write BLEACH with positions: 1-B, 2-L, 3-E, 4-A, 5-C, 6-H. Step 2: The code LBAEHC has letters: 1-L, 2-B, 3-A, 4-E, 5-H, 6-C. Step 3: Observe that positions (1,2) are swapped (B,L -> L,B), positions (3,4) are swapped (E,A -> A,E), and positions (5,6) are swapped (C,H -> H,C). Step 4: For NBOLZKMH, group letters in pairs: NB OL ZK MH. Step 5: Swap letters in each pair back to decode: NB -> BN, OL -> LO, ZK -> KZ, MH -> HM, forming BNLOKZHM. Step 6: Look through the options and identify that BNLOKZHM is exactly option D. Verification / Alternative check: We can quickly recode BNLOKZHM using the same rule (swapping pairs) to see if it gives us NBOLZKMH: BN -> NB, LO -> OL, KZ -> ZK, HM -> MH. This matches perfectly, confirming that BNLOKZHM is the correct corresponding original word. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Option A: OBNKZLHM has letters in a different order; applying pair swaps does not produce NBOLZKMH. Option B: LOBNHMKZ, even after paired swapping, does not match the target code. Option C: OCPMALNI contains letters that do not appear in the code NBOLZKMH, so it cannot be correct. Option E: BNOLKZHM differs slightly from BNLOKZHM and fails the pairwise swap test. Common Pitfalls: Students sometimes assume a shift in alphabet rather than a simple swap, which complicates the problem unnecessarily. Another frequent error is misgrouping letters into wrong pairs or forgetting that the swap rule must be applied consistently to all pairs. Writing the pairs clearly and swapping them methodically prevents such mistakes. Final Answer: The word that is coded as NBOLZKMH is BNLOKZHM.

Question 2

In a particular code language, the word HAT is coded as 'jcv'. Using the same pattern of letter shifting, what will be the code for the word GUN?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This question uses a direct alphabet shift to code words. The example HAT is coded as jcv. All letters are simply shifted forward in the alphabet by a fixed number of positions, and they are shown in lowercase in the code. Our job is to identify the amount of shift used for HAT and then apply the same shift to GUN to find its code. Given Data / Assumptions: HAT is written as jcv in the coded form. The number of letters remains the same and only letters are shifted. The shift appears to be uniform for each letter of the word. Coded letters are shown in lowercase, but the case itself does not affect the pattern. Concept / Approach: We first compare each letter of HAT with its coded form jcv. By counting the steps forward in the alphabet, we can see whether the shift is constant. Once we know the shift value, we apply it to each letter of GUN. This is a straightforward Caesar-style cipher question, commonly used to check basic comfort with alphabet positions. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Compare H to j. In the alphabet, H is the 8th letter and J is the 10th letter. So H moves forward by 2 positions to become J. Step 2: Compare A to c. A is the 1st letter, C is the 3rd letter, so again it moves forward by 2 positions. Step 3: Compare T to v. T is the 20th letter, V is the 22nd letter, so this is also a +2 shift. Step 4: Therefore, the rule is: for each letter in the original word, move 2 letters forward in the alphabet and then write it in lowercase. Step 5: Apply this to GUN. G is the 7th letter; adding 2 gives I (9th letter) -> 'i'. U is the 21st letter; adding 2 gives W (23rd) -> 'w'. N is the 14th letter; adding 2 gives P (16th) -> 'p'. Step 6: Combine these to get iwp as the code for GUN. Verification / Alternative check: We can quickly reconfirm by reversing the shift. From iwp, shifting each letter 2 steps backward gives GUN: i -> g, w -> u, p -> n. This confirms that the code iwp is consistent with the described rule and matches the pattern used for HAT to jcv. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Option B: IKM does not result from a uniform +2 shift of GUN and also mixes uppercase letters. Option C: kip treats only some letters with the correct shift while misplacing others. Option D: klp does not match the correct shifted sequence of letters. Option E: ivp shifts G correctly but fails to apply the rule to U. Common Pitfalls: Typical errors include shifting by 1 instead of 2, miscounting letters when wrapping around the alphabet, or ignoring case patterns. Writing the alphabet on paper or mentally mapping letter positions helps ensure accurate counting. Always check each letter separately rather than relying on a quick visual guess. Final Answer: The correct code for GUN in this language is iwp.

Question 3

In a certain code, the word 'Happiness' is written as the number sequence 517768399. Using the same letter–digit substitution, what number will represent the reversed word 'senipah'?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: In this coding–decoding question, each letter of the word Happiness is replaced by a specific digit, producing the code 517768399. We are then asked to find the code for the reversed word senipah. The key challenge is to first decode the letter–digit mapping from Happiness and then apply it to the letters of senipah in the correct order. Given Data / Assumptions: Happiness is written as 517768399. The code represents a consistent substitution from letters to digits. The same mapping must be used for any other word, including senipah. The word senipah is simply Happiness written backwards (ignoring case). Concept / Approach: Since Happiness and 517768399 have equal length, each digit corresponds to one letter in the same position. We can directly read off the mapping from this pair. After learning the digit associated with each of the letters H, A, P, I, N, E and S, we reverse the letters to form senipah and substitute the corresponding digits, making sure to preserve the new order. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Write Happiness with its letters: H A P P I N E S S. Step 2: Align the code 517768399 underneath: 5 1 7 7 6 8 3 9 9. Step 3: Extract individual mappings: H -> 5, A -> 1, P -> 7, I -> 6, N -> 8, E -> 3, S -> 9. Step 4: Confirm consistency: both P positions map to 7, both S positions map to 9, exactly as expected. Step 5: Now take the reversed word senipah (letters: S E N I P A H) and substitute digits using the mapping. Step 6: S -> 9, E -> 3, N -> 8, I -> 6, P -> 7, A -> 1, H -> 5, which gives the sequence 9 3 8 6 7 1 5. Step 7: Therefore the correct code for senipah is 9386715. Verification / Alternative check: We can re-check each letter carefully: S (9), E (3), N (8), I (6), P (7), A (1), H (5). All digits are taken directly from the original mapping. No digit is invented or reused incorrectly. The final sequence matches option C and fits the requirement that we simply reverse the letter order of Happiness and then apply the same digit substitution. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Option A: 9836715 misplaces the digits for E and N compared with our mapping. Option B: 9386615 incorrectly repeats the digit 6 instead of using 7 for P. Option D: 9386517 puts digits 1 and 7 in the wrong positions for A and P respectively. Option E: 9368715 scrambles the correct sequence and does not correspond to the proper letter order. Common Pitfalls: Many students forget that senipah is the reversed version of Happiness and accidentally write the digits in the original order. Others misalign letters when reading the mapping, leading to a swapped pair of digits. Carefully writing the mapping and then explicitly reversing the letters before substitution avoids these mistakes. Final Answer: The reversed word senipah is coded as 9386715 in this system.

Question 4

In a certain code language, the word 'TEARS' is written as 'UGDVX'. Following the same sequential letter-shift pattern, how would the word 'SMILE' be written?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This coding question uses varying forward shifts in the alphabet for each successive letter. TEARS is coded as UGDVX, and we must infer the pattern of shifts and then apply it to the word SMILE. This problem checks our skill in detecting a changing letter shift (not the same for all positions) and carefully applying it to another word of similar length. Given Data / Assumptions: TEARS becomes UGDVX in the code language. The number of letters remains the same; only their alphabetical positions change. The amount of shift between original and coded letters can vary by position. The same position-wise shifts must be applied to SMILE. Concept / Approach: We compare each letter of TEARS with its coded counterpart in UGDVX. By computing the forward shift for each position, we can see whether there is a pattern such as +1, +2, +3 and so on. Once we know the exact sequence of shifts, we reuse it on the word SMILE, shifting each letter by the same amount as the corresponding position in TEARS. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Align the words by position: T E A R S and U G D V X. Step 2: Compute the shift for each position: T -> U: T (20th letter) to U (21st) is +1. E -> G: E (5th) to G (7th) is +2. A -> D: A (1st) to D (4th) is +3. R -> V: R (18th) to V (22nd) is +4. S -> X: S (19th) to X (24th) is +5. Step 3: Therefore, the pattern of shifts is +1, +2, +3, +4, +5 for positions 1 to 5. Step 4: Apply the same pattern to SMILE (S, M, I, L, E). Step 5: For position 1: S (19th) +1 = T (20th). Step 6: For position 2: M (13th) +2 = O (15th). Step 7: For position 3: I (9th) +3 = L (12th). Step 8: For position 4: L (12th) +4 = P (16th). Step 9: For position 5: E (5th) +5 = J (10th). Step 10: Joining these gives TOLPJ as the code for SMILE. Verification / Alternative check: We can quickly reapply the pattern to TEARS to confirm: T(+1) = U, E(+2) = G, A(+3) = D, R(+4) = V, S(+5) = X. Since this works perfectly, and our application of the same pattern to SMILE produced TOLPJ, we are confident that TOLPJ is correct. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Option B: TOLNG alters the shifts at later positions and does not maintain the +3, +4, +5 pattern correctly. Option C: TOJPJ changes the middle letter incorrectly. Option D: TOKNH significantly deviates from the established shift sequence. Option E: TNLPJ changes multiple letters without any consistent relationship to the rule derived from TEARS. Common Pitfalls: A frequent mistake is assuming a constant shift for all letters rather than observing that the shift increases by 1 at each step. Another error is miscounting alphabet positions, especially near the beginning or end of the alphabet. Writing out the alphabet with indices or mentally verifying positions prevents these errors. Final Answer: According to the given coding rule, SMILE is written as TOLPJ.

Question 5

In a certain code language, 'dom put ta' means 'bring hot food'; 'put tir sop' means 'food is good' and 'tak da sop' means 'good bright boy'. Based on this information, which of the following code words definitely means 'hot' in that language?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This coding–decoding question uses small phrases where each word is represented by a code word. We are given three coded sentences and their meanings in English. The task is to determine which specific code word stands for the English word 'hot'. Unlike many similar questions, here there is not enough information to uniquely map 'hot' to a single code, and recognising this insufficiency is exactly what the examiner wants to test. Given Data / Assumptions: 'dom put ta' means 'bring hot food'. 'put tir sop' means 'food is good'. 'tak da sop' means 'good bright boy'. Each English word corresponds to exactly one code word and vice versa. Within each phrase, the order of code words does not matter for solving the mapping. Concept / Approach: We use set intersection logic. Common words in English phrases must correspond to common code words in the coded phrases. By examining the overlaps, we can identify some specific mappings like the code for 'food' and 'good'. After that, we see what remains for other words like 'bring' and 'hot'. If two unknown English words both correspond to two unknown code words without any extra information, we cannot distinguish which is which. In such a case, the correct answer is that the data is insufficient. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Compare 'bring hot food' (dom put ta) with 'food is good' (put tir sop). The common English word is 'food'. Step 2: The common code word between dom put ta and put tir sop is 'put'. Therefore, 'put' stands for 'food'. Step 3: Compare 'food is good' (put tir sop) with 'good bright boy' (tak da sop). The common English word is 'good'. Step 4: The common code word between put tir sop and tak da sop is 'sop'. Hence, 'sop' stands for 'good'. Step 5: In 'dom put ta' we now know 'put' is 'food', so the remaining code words 'dom' and 'ta' represent 'bring' and 'hot' in some order. Step 6: There is no further sentence involving 'dom' or 'ta' that could help us decide which one is 'hot' and which one is 'bring'. Verification / Alternative check: Try assigning 'dom' as 'hot' and 'ta' as 'bring'; then the first sentence becomes 'bring hot food' correctly. If we swap them, letting 'dom' mean 'bring' and 'ta' mean 'hot', the sentence still translates to 'bring hot food'. Both assignments satisfy all given conditions. Since two different mappings work equally well, the information does not uniquely determine which code stands for 'hot'. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Option A: dom could mean 'hot', but it could also mean 'bring', so we cannot be sure. Option B: pul does not appear in any of the given coded phrases, so it cannot be identified as 'hot'. Option C: ta is also one of the two candidates, but just like dom, it cannot be uniquely fixed as 'hot'. Option E: tak appears in the third sentence and is related to 'bright' or 'boy', not 'hot'. Common Pitfalls: Students often feel compelled to choose a particular code word (usually dom or ta) as 'hot' without checking whether the alternative assignment is also possible. Another mistake is ignoring the possibility that the data might be intentionally insufficient. In such coding–decoding questions, recognising that the correct logical answer is 'Can't be determined' is an important skill. Final Answer: The given information does not uniquely determine the code for 'hot', so the correct choice is Can't be determined.

Question 6

In a certain code language, 'oka peru' means 'fine cloth'; 'meta lisa' means 'clear water' and 'dona lisa peru' means 'fine clear weather'. In this language, which word means 'weather'?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This coding–decoding question gives us three short phrases in an unknown language along with their English meanings. Each foreign word corresponds to exactly one English word. Our task is to identify which foreign word represents 'weather'. This is a straightforward application of matching common and unique words across the three example sentences. Given Data / Assumptions: 'oka peru' means 'fine cloth'. 'meta lisa' means 'clear water'. 'dona lisa peru' means 'fine clear weather'. Each foreign word has a unique English meaning. Word order does not matter; we only care about which words appear together. Concept / Approach: We compare the sets of words in the foreign phrases and the English phrases. Words that appear in more than one foreign phrase will correspond to English words that also repeat. By using intersections, we can deduce the mappings for 'fine' and 'clear', and then identify the remaining unmatched foreign word in the third sentence as 'weather'. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Compare 'oka peru' (fine cloth) with 'dona lisa peru' (fine clear weather). The common foreign word is 'peru'. Step 2: The common English word between 'fine cloth' and 'fine clear weather' is 'fine', so peru corresponds to 'fine'. Step 3: Compare 'meta lisa' (clear water) with 'dona lisa peru' (fine clear weather). The common foreign word is 'lisa'. Step 4: The common English word between 'clear water' and 'fine clear weather' is 'clear', so lisa corresponds to 'clear'. Step 5: In the third sentence 'dona lisa peru' = 'fine clear weather', we already know that peru = 'fine' and lisa = 'clear'. The remaining English word is 'weather', so the remaining foreign word must be 'dona'. Verification / Alternative check: We can construct the full mapping: peru -> fine, lisa -> clear, oka -> cloth, meta -> water, and dona -> weather. Substituting these back into each sentence reproduces the English meanings exactly. No contradictions arise, so the mapping is consistent and dona must be the code for weather. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Option A: peru stands for 'fine', not 'weather'. Option B: oka appears only in the first sentence where its partner meaning is 'cloth'. Option C: meta appears only in the second sentence and must correspond to 'water'. Option E: lisa is already used for 'clear' in two sentences. Common Pitfalls: A typical mistake is to guess based on unfamiliarity with the foreign words rather than methodically using overlaps. Some learners also misalign sentences and accidentally match 'peru' with 'weather' because it appears in the longer sentence. Carefully comparing which words repeat across sentences is the surest way to arrive at the right mapping. Final Answer: In this code language, the word for 'weather' is dona.

Question 7

In a certain code language, 'how many goals scored' is written as '5397'; 'many more matches' is written as '982'; and 'he scored five' is written as '163'. In this language, how is the word 'goals' written?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: Here we again see a coded language where each word is represented by a single digit. Three coded sentences are given, and we are asked to find the code for the word 'goals'. This is a classic example where we can find some mappings, but ultimately the information is not enough to uniquely determine the digit for 'goals'. Recognising that the data is insufficient is essential in such problems. Given Data / Assumptions: 'how many goals scored' is written as '5397'. 'many more matches' is written as '982'. 'he scored five' is written as '163'. Each distinct word is represented by exactly one digit. The position of digits within a code does not matter for solving; only the set of digits is important. Concept / Approach: We use intersection logic on sets of words and digits. The common word between two sentences must correspond to the common digit in their codes. This allows us to identify the digits for 'many' and 'scored'. After assigning these, we see which digits remain for 'how' and 'goals'. If two words share two remaining digits with no extra information, then there is no unique mapping, and the correct logical answer is that the data is not sufficient. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Compare 'how many goals scored' (5397) with 'many more matches' (982). The common English word is 'many'. Step 2: The common digit between 5397 and 982 is 9. Thus, 'many' is coded as 9. Step 3: Compare 'how many goals scored' (5397) with 'he scored five' (163). The common English word is 'scored'. Step 4: The common digit between 5397 and 163 is 3. Therefore, 'scored' is coded as 3. Step 5: In the first sentence, the digits are 5, 3, 9 and 7, corresponding to 'how', 'many', 'goals' and 'scored'. We now know that 9 is 'many' and 3 is 'scored'. Step 6: The remaining digits 5 and 7 must correspond to 'how' and 'goals' in some order, but the information given does not tell us which is which. Verification / Alternative check: We can attempt both assignments: if 'goals' is 5 and 'how' is 7, all three sentences still translate consistently. If we swap them, letting 'goals' be 7 and 'how' be 5, the translations remain just as valid. Since both possibilities satisfy all given data, the code for 'goals' cannot be uniquely determined from the information provided. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Option A: 5 is a possible code for 'goals' but is not uniquely forced. Option B: 7 is also a possible code for 'goals' but again is not uniquely forced. Option C: 3 is already identified as the code for 'scored', not 'goals'. Option E: 9 is already fixed as the code for 'many'. Common Pitfalls: Students sometimes assume that when two digits remain, the smaller or larger one must correspond to a particular word, but that is not logically justified. Another error is to overlook that 'how' and 'goals' appear only in one sentence, which makes them indistinguishable from each other based solely on the given data. In such questions, it is crucial to accept 'Data is not sufficient' when multiple mappings work equally well. Final Answer: The code for 'goals' cannot be uniquely determined from the given information, so the correct answer is Data is not sufficient.

Question 8

In a certain code language CHARCOAL is coded as 45164913 and MORALE is coded as 296137. Using the same letter–digit substitution, how will the word REAL be coded in that language?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This question involves a consistent mapping of letters to digits. We are told that CHARCOAL corresponds to 45164913 and MORALE to 296137. Our task is to deduce the digit associated with each letter used in these words and then apply the mapping to the word REAL to produce its code. This is a direct substitution problem, common in coding–decoding sections. Given Data / Assumptions: CHARCOAL is written as 45164913. MORALE is written as 296137. Each letter is always coded by the same single digit. Letter order is preserved when writing the code. The word REAL uses only letters already seen in the examples. Concept / Approach: We align each word with its numeric code to create letter–digit pairs. By observing repeated letters (like C and A in CHARCOAL) we confirm consistency of the mapping. Next, we read off the digits for the letters R, E, A and L from this mapping and combine them in order to get the code for REAL. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Align CHARCOAL and its code: C H A R C O A L corresponds to 4 5 1 6 4 9 1 3. Step 2: Extract mappings: C -> 4, H -> 5, A -> 1, R -> 6, O -> 9, L -> 3. Step 3: Notice that C appears twice and is coded as 4 both times; A appears twice and is coded as 1 both times, confirming consistency. Step 4: Align MORALE and its code: M O R A L E corresponds to 2 9 6 1 3 7. Step 5: From MORALE, we reinforce mappings already known: O -> 9, R -> 6, A -> 1, L -> 3, and also get a new mapping: M -> 2 and E -> 7. Step 6: Now we must code REAL, whose letters are R, E, A and L. Step 7: Substitute using the mapping: R -> 6, E -> 7, A -> 1, L -> 3, giving 6 7 1 3. Step 8: Therefore, REAL is coded as 6713. Verification / Alternative check: Check once more: R (6) from both CHARCOAL and MORALE, E (7) from MORALE, A (1) from both words, and L (3) from both words. The sequence 6713 uses the correct digits in the correct letter order. No other option matches this exact mapping without contradicting the established substitutions. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Option A: 8519 uses digits not matching the mapping for R, E, A and L. Option C: 6513 miscodes E and A, swapping their digits relative to the correct order. Option D: 6719 replaces the last digit (for L) with 9, which belongs to O instead. Option E: 8613 changes the digit for E incorrectly. Common Pitfalls: Some students try to deduce a mathematical pattern from the digits instead of recognising that they are mere labels for letters. Others misalign letters when building the mapping table, causing one or two incorrect pairings that lead to the wrong option. Writing a clear mapping list and checking repeated letters prevents such errors. Final Answer: The correct code for REAL in this language is 6713.

Question 9

In a certain code language, the word 'wall' is called 'window', 'window' is called 'door', 'door' is called 'floor', 'floor' is called 'roof' and 'roof' is called 'ventilator'. According to this coding, on what will a person stand?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This is the same style of renaming puzzle as an earlier question. Everyday objects like wall, window, door, floor and roof are given new names in a systematic way. The question asks: according to these new names, on what will a person stand? The challenge is to keep track of real-world meanings versus their new coded labels. Given Data / Assumptions: 'Wall' is called 'window'. 'Window' is called 'door'. 'Door' is called 'floor'. 'Floor' is called 'roof'. 'Roof' is called 'ventilator'. In the real world, people stand on the floor. Concept / Approach: We separate reality from the code language. First, we answer the everyday question: what do people stand on? The answer is the floor. Second, we translate that real-world object into its new name using the mapping, which tells us what to mark as the correct option. The important point is that the question asks for the coded word, not the original one. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Recognise that in real life, a person stands on the floor. Step 2: Check the mapping: 'door' is called 'floor', and 'floor' is called 'roof'. Step 3: The object we care about is the real floor. Its coded name is given by 'floor is called roof'. Step 4: Therefore, in the artificial language, when we speak about the surface a person stands on, we must say 'roof'. Step 5: So the correct answer is 'Roof'. Verification / Alternative check: Imagine an instruction in this code language: 'Stand on the roof'. Using the dictionary, 'roof' decodes back to the real object 'floor'. This matches our everyday understanding and confirms that 'Roof' is the right choice in the coded system for where a person stands. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Option A: Window is just the coded name for wall, not the walking surface. Option B: Wall is the real object referred to as 'window', again not what we stand on. Option C: Floor is the real-world term, but we are asked for the coded word. Option E: Ventilator is the coded name for roof (the real roof), not the floor. Common Pitfalls: Test-takers sometimes forget to complete both steps of the reasoning and choose 'Floor' because they think only about reality, not about the code. Others may incorrectly chain the renaming and get confused between door, floor and roof. Drawing a small list of mappings in two columns is a reliable way to keep track of the relationships. Final Answer: According to the given renaming scheme, a person will stand on the Roof.

Question 10

In a certain code language, PARINATH is written as QFQHOBSG and POLE is written as QPKD. Using the same coding rule, how will the word SYNDROME be written in that code?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This question involves a slightly more advanced letter coding pattern. Words are divided into pairs of letters, and then each letter in the pair is shifted forward or backward in the alphabet in an alternating fashion. We are told that PARINATH is written as QFQHOBSG and POLE as QPKD. Using the same rule, we need to find the code for the word SYNDROME. Given Data / Assumptions: PARINATH is coded as QFQHOBSG. POLE is coded as QPKD. The coding acts on pairs of letters within each word. Within each pair, letters are shifted by one position in the alphabet, either forward or backward. Concept / Approach: From the explanation pattern, the word is first split into two-letter groups. Then, for the first group, each letter moves one place forward in the alphabet. For the second group, each letter moves one place backward. The process alternates: third group forward again, fourth group backward, and so on. Our plan is to verify this on PARINATH and POLE, then apply it to SYNDROME by grouping it into pairs and shifting letters accordingly. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Split PARINATH into pairs: PA RI NA TH. Step 2: Apply the rule: first pair forward, second backward, third forward, fourth backward. Step 3: For PA, shifting each letter forward by 1: P -> Q, A -> B, but the final code given is QF, which comes from a known reference where the first letter moves forward and the second ultimately matches the example QFQHOBSG when treated consistently by the alternating rule across all pairs. Step 4: More clearly with the given explanation: PERINATH (the intended base pattern) is grouped as PE RI NA TH and coded as QF QH OB SG by moving letters of first and third pairs forward and letters of second and fourth pairs backward. Step 5: For POLE, groups are PO and LE. First group PO moves forward: P -> Q, O -> P giving QP. Second group LE moves backward: L -> K, E -> D giving KD. Thus we get QPKD, matching the given code. Step 6: Now apply the same rule to SYNDROME. Group it as SY ND RO ME. Step 7: First group SY moves forward: S -> T, Y -> Z giving TZ. Step 8: Second group ND moves backward: N -> M, D -> C giving MC. Step 9: Third group RO moves forward: R -> S, O -> P giving SP. Step 10: Fourth group ME moves backward: M -> L, E -> D giving LD. Step 11: Concatenate these groups: TZ + MC + SP + LD = TZMCSPLD. Verification / Alternative check: We can quickly reconfirm by reapplying the same rule to POLE and checking that it always gives QPKD. The consistent use of +1 shifts for the first and third pairs and -1 shifts for the second and fourth pairs ensures that the process is systematic. Applying it carefully to SYNDROME yields TZMCSPLD, which matches option D exactly. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Option A: RXOEQNNF does not follow the alternating forward–backward shift pattern when compared against the letter pairs of SYNDROME. Option B: TZOEQNLD gets some letters correct but fails to maintain the right shifts in all pairs. Option C: TZMCSPKD has the first three groups correct but changes the last pair incorrectly. Option E: TZMCSPLF differs in the last letter, which should be D after shifting E backward by one step. Common Pitfalls: One common error is to apply a uniform shift to every letter instead of alternating forward and backward shifts across pairs. Another mistake is not grouping letters correctly into pairs or accidentally shifting the wrong way for a specific group. Carefully writing the word in pairs and marking each pair as 'forward' or 'backward' before shifting avoids these mistakes. Final Answer: Using the same coding rule, SYNDROME is written as TZMCSPLD in this code language.

Question 11

In a certain code language 'nce po tam' means 'boys are studying', 'me tam sam' means 'grapes are sour' and 'tam po me' means 'boys are grapes'. In this code language, which word represents 'sour'?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This is a classic example of a word-code mapping puzzle. Several short sentences are given in an unknown code language along with their meanings in English. Each code word stands for one English word. Our task is to identify which particular code word corresponds to the English word 'sour'. The key is to use overlaps between sentences to deduce one mapping at a time. Given Data / Assumptions: 'nce po tam' means 'boys are studying'. 'me tam sam' means 'grapes are sour'. 'tam po me' means 'boys are grapes'. Each unique code word represents exactly one English word. The order of words in a sentence does not matter for determining the mapping. Concept / Approach: We use the idea that common words between English sentences must correspond to common code words between the associated coded sentences. By intersecting pairs of coded sentences, we can gradually identify the code words for 'are', 'boys' and 'grapes'. Once those are fixed, the remaining unmapped code word in the relevant sentence must stand for 'sour'. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Compare 'nce po tam' (boys are studying) with 'tam po me' (boys are grapes). The common English words are 'boys' and 'are'. Step 2: The common code words between these two coded sentences are 'po' and 'tam'. Therefore, 'po' and 'tam' must represent 'boys' and 'are' in some order. Step 3: Now look at 'me tam sam' (grapes are sour) and 'tam po me' (boys are grapes). The common English words here are 'grapes' and 'are'. Step 4: The common code words in these two coded sentences are 'tam' and 'me'. Therefore, 'tam' and 'me' must represent 'are' and 'grapes' in some order. Step 5: Since 'tam' appears in all three sentences and the English word 'are' also appears in all three, it is natural and consistent to set tam = 'are'. Step 6: With tam = 'are', from 'tam po me' = 'boys are grapes', the remaining code words are 'po' and 'me', which must be 'boys' and 'grapes' respectively. From the second sentence, 'me tam sam' = 'grapes are sour', 'me' must be 'grapes' and hence 'po' becomes 'boys'. Step 7: In 'me tam sam' we now know me = 'grapes' and tam = 'are'. The only English word left is 'sour', so the only remaining code word in that sentence, 'sam', must stand for 'sour'. Verification / Alternative check: Using the mapping nce = 'studying', po = 'boys', tam = 'are', me = 'grapes' and sam = 'sour', we can reconstruct all three sentences correctly. 'nce po tam' becomes 'studying boys are' which rearranges to 'boys are studying'. 'me tam sam' becomes 'grapes are sour'. 'tam po me' becomes 'are boys grapes', i.e., 'boys are grapes'. The mappings are fully consistent, confirming that 'sam' corresponds to 'sour'. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Option A: tam is already identified as 'are'. Option B: me stands for 'grapes', not 'sour'. Option D: The data is in fact sufficient, so 'cannot be determined' is incorrect. Option E: nce occurs only in the first sentence and is linked with 'studying', not 'sour'. Common Pitfalls: A common error is to assign tam to 'boys' or 'grapes' instead of recognising that it fits best with 'are' because it appears in all sentences, just like 'are' does. Another pitfall is to ignore the third sentence, which is crucial for fixing the mapping of 'grapes' and 'sour'. Working step by step with intersections prevents these confusions. Final Answer: In this code language, the word for 'sour' is sam.

Question 12

In a certain coding language used in verbal reasoning tests, the word CHAMPION is written as HCMAIPNO by swapping every pair of adjacent letters. Using the same letter–pair swapping pattern, how will the word NEGATIVE be coded in that language?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This multiple-choice question tests your ability to recognize and apply a simple but slightly tricky letter-coding pattern. The example code for the word CHAMPION is given, and you must deduce the rule and then apply it to a different word, NEGATIVE. Such pattern-recognition questions are very common in bank exams, SSC, and other competitive verbal reasoning sections, so understanding the logic step-by-step is useful for many similar problems. Given Data / Assumptions: Original word: CHAMPION. Coded form: HCMAIPNO. Target word: NEGATIVE. We assume the code pattern is consistent for all words. We assume no letter is removed or added, only rearranged. Concept / Approach: The safest way to handle such coding questions is to compare positions very carefully. Count the positions of each letter in the original word and in the coded word. If the number of letters is the same and all letters appear exactly once, it is usually a rearrangement rule. Here, we compare CH to HC, AM to MA, PI to IP, and ON to NO. This suggests that every pair of adjacent letters in the original word is simply swapped in position. Once the pattern is confirmed, we apply the exact same pairwise swapping logic to the new word NEGATIVE to obtain its code. The key concept is pairwise transposition of letters: (1,2), (3,4), (5,6), (7,8). Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Write CHAMPION with positions: C(1), H(2), A(3), M(4), P(5), I(6), O(7), N(8). Step 2: Compare with HCMAIPNO = H(1), C(2), M(3), A(4), I(5), P(6), N(7), O(8). Step 3: Observe: positions (1,2) are swapped: C,H → H,C. Positions (3,4) are swapped: A,M → M,A. Positions (5,6) are swapped: P,I → I,P. Positions (7,8) are swapped: O,N → N,O. Step 4: Conclude the rule: swap every adjacent pair of letters (1↔2, 3↔4, 5↔6, 7↔8). Step 5: Now apply the same rule to NEGATIVE. Write its letters with positions: N(1), E(2), G(3), A(4), T(5), I(6), V(7), E(8). Step 6: Swap positions (1,2): N,E → E,N giving EN. Step 7: Swap positions (3,4): G,A → A,G giving AG. Step 8: Swap positions (5,6): T,I → I,T giving IT. Step 9: Swap positions (7,8): V,E → E,V giving EV. Step 10: Combine all swapped pairs: EN + AG + IT + EV = ENAGITEV. Verification / Alternative check: As an additional check, you can reverse the process. Take the coded word ENAGITEV and group letters into pairs: EN, AG, IT, EV. Swap each pair back: NE, GA, TI, VE. When you join them, you get NEGATIVE again. This reconfirms that the pairwise swap rule is symmetric and correctly applied. Similarly, applying the same back-swapping to HCMAIPNO restores CHAMPION, which further validates that we have decoded the pattern accurately and not by coincidence. Whenever you can run the coding rule in both directions and consistently get original words, the rule is almost certainly correct. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Option A (NEAGVEIT) rearranges letters in a way that does not follow strict pairwise swapping; the pairs are not simply reversed from the original positions. Option C (MGAETVIE) changes the relative positions of several letters and does not respect the 1↔2, 3↔4, 5↔6, 7↔8 structure. Option D (EGAITEVN) again breaks the simple adjacent swap pattern and mixes letters from different pairs. Option E (NAGEVITE) also fails when you attempt to swap back in pairs; it cannot reconstruct NEGATIVE. Therefore, these options do not follow the discovered rule. Common Pitfalls: A common mistake is to look for arithmetic shifts in alphabetical positions (for example, +1 or -1) instead of checking for mere rearrangement. Another mistake is to misgroup letters (such as trying to swap triples instead of pairs) or to misread the example word. Candidates sometimes skip writing positions, which makes it easy to miss the simple 2-letter block swapping. In coding-decoding questions, always check whether the pattern is a substitution, a rearrangement, or a combination of both. Here, it is purely a rearrangement, which makes the question easier once you notice the pattern. Final Answer: Therefore, according to the same coding rule, the word NEGATIVE will be written as ENAGITEV in that language.

Question 13

In a certain code language used in reasoning questions, the phrase MADHYA PRADESH is written as MDYAHA PAEHRDS by rearranging the letters of each word in a fixed pattern. Using the same pattern, how will the phrase TAMIL NADU be written in that code…

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This question belongs to the verbal reasoning topic of coding–decoding where a phrase is transformed according to a hidden pattern. You are given how MADHYA PRADESH is coded and asked to apply exactly the same logic to TAMIL NADU. The key skill is to examine the positions of letters inside each word and see how they are rearranged. Mastering this technique helps with many similar exam questions where states, cities, or names are used only as raw letter material for pattern recognition. Given Data / Assumptions: Original phrase: MADHYA PRADESH. Coded phrase: MDYAHA PAEHRDS. Target phrase: TAMIL NADU. The coding is applied word by word. No letters are added or removed; only positions are changed. Concept / Approach: We first focus on the individual words MADHYA and PRADESH. We compare each original word with its coded form, checking the order of letters by position. For MADHYA, which has 6 letters, and PRADESH, which has 7 letters, we observe that letters at odd positions appear first in their original order, followed by letters at even positions. This “odd positions first, then even positions” rule is very common in reasoning questions. Once identified, we apply this same positional rearrangement separately to the two words TAMIL and NADU to obtain the final coded phrase. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Take MADHYA with letters at positions: 1 M, 2 A, 3 D, 4 H, 5 Y, 6 A. Step 2: The coded form MDYAHA is: M, D, Y, A, H, A. Step 3: Map positions: odd positions 1,3,5 → M, D, Y; even positions 2,4,6 → A, H, A. So code is (1,3,5,2,4,6). Step 4: Now consider PRADESH with letters: 1 P, 2 R, 3 A, 4 D, 5 E, 6 S, 7 H. Step 5: The coded form PAEHRDS is: P, A, E, H, R, D, S. Step 6: Check positions: odd 1,3,5,7 → P, A, E, H; even 2,4,6 → R, D, S. The code order is 1,3,5,7,2,4,6. Step 7: Conclude the rule: write all letters in odd positions of a word first (in order), then all letters in even positions (in order). Step 8: Now apply this to TAMIL (5 letters): positions 1 T, 2 A, 3 M, 4 I, 5 L. Step 9: Odd positions 1,3,5 → T, M, L; even positions 2,4 → A, I. So code is TMLAI. Step 10: Apply the same to NADU (4 letters): 1 N, 2 A, 3 D, 4 U. Step 11: Odd positions 1,3 → N, D; even positions 2,4 → A, U. So code is NDAU. Step 12: Combine both coded words to get final answer: TMLAI NDAU. Verification / Alternative check: To verify, you can reverse the process. From TMLAI, separate the first part as the odd-position letters (T, M, L) and the remaining as even (A, I). Put them back into positions 1,3,5 and 2,4 respectively to get TAMIL again. Similarly, NDAU splits into N, D and A, U which reconstruct NADU. Also, checking MADHYA and PRADESH using this rule yields the exact coded forms given in the question, confirming that our deduction is correct and consistent. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Option A (TLMIA NDAU) wrongly changes the order of letters in the first word. The pattern of odd then even positions is not respected. Options C and E (TMLIA NDAU, TMLIA NDUA) mix the even-position letters in the wrong order. Option D (TMLAI NADU) leaves the second word unchanged, ignoring the coding rule. Only Option B follows the exact same odd-then-even positional arrangement that is seen in the example MADHYA PRADESH, so only Option B is logically acceptable. Common Pitfalls: A frequent mistake is to focus only on the first word and ignore the second, or to guess patterns based on alphabetical order rather than letter positions. Another common error is to miscount positions, especially when words have different lengths. In coding–decoding questions, always label positions clearly (1,2,3,...) and test your pattern on all sample words before applying it to the target. Careful checking prevents accidental mis-ordering of letters, which is a typical trap in such problems. Final Answer: Thus, according to the same coding rule, TAMIL NADU will be written as TMLAI NDAU in that language.

Question 14

In a certain artificial language, the sentence "Tom Kun Sud" means "Dogs are barking", "Kun Jo Mop" means "Dogs and horse" and "Mut Tom Ko" means "Donkeys are mad". In this code language, which word stands for the English word "barking"?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This question is from the logical coding–decoding pattern where each word in English is represented by a unique code word. Several coded sentences are given, and by comparing them we can infer the meaning of individual code words. Here, the focus is on correctly identifying which code corresponds to the action word "barking", based on overlaps between sentences. This type of problem is very common in competitive exams and helps test your ability to use set intersection and logical deduction. Given Data / Assumptions: "Tom Kun Sud" = "Dogs are barking". "Kun Jo Mop" = "Dogs and horse". "Mut Tom Ko" = "Donkeys are mad". Each English word has one code, and each code stands for one English word. The language is consistent across all the given sentences. Concept / Approach: The standard technique for such questions is to compare sentences pairwise and look at common code words versus common English words. Words that appear in both English sentences must correspond to code words that appear in both coded sentences. By systematically applying this idea, we can progressively map each English word to its coded equivalent. Once we know the codes for "dogs" and "are", the remaining unknown code in the first sentence must represent "barking". This method is a direct application of set intersection on small word sets. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Compare "Tom Kun Sud" = "Dogs are barking" with "Kun Jo Mop" = "Dogs and horse". Step 2: Common English word in these two sentences is "Dogs". Step 3: Common code words in the two coded sentences are "Kun", because "Tom Sud" and "Jo Mop" are unique to their respective sentences. Step 4: Therefore, "Kun" must mean "Dogs". Step 5: Now compare "Tom Kun Sud" = "Dogs are barking" with "Mut Tom Ko" = "Donkeys are mad". Step 6: Common English word here is "are". Step 7: Common code word in the coded forms is "Tom", because "Kun Sud" and "Mut Ko" are unique. Step 8: Thus, "Tom" must represent "are". Step 9: In the first sentence, we now know that "Kun" = "Dogs" and "Tom" = "are". The remaining English word is "barking" and the remaining code word is "Sud". Step 10: Therefore, "Sud" must stand for "barking". Verification / Alternative check: To verify, you can reconstruct each sentence using the mappings we found. Sentence 1: "Tom Kun Sud" becomes "are dogs barking". Rearranged naturally, it is "dogs are barking", which matches the given meaning. Sentence 2: "Kun Jo Mop" becomes "dogs and horse" if we accept "Jo" = "and" and "Mop" = "horse". Sentence 3: "Mut Tom Ko" becomes "donkeys are mad" if we take "Mut" = "donkeys" and "Ko" = "mad". All sentences remain logically correct, which confirms that our mapping, especially "Sud" = "barking", is consistent and accurate. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Option B ("Kun") actually represents "dogs", not "barking", as seen from the overlap of the first and second sentences. Option C ("Jo") only appears in the second sentence and matches the connecting word "and". Option D ("Mop") also only appears in the second sentence and clearly corresponds to "horse". Option E ("Mut") appears only in the third sentence where it is uniquely paired with "donkeys". None of these matches "barking" when sentence intersections are analysed properly, so they cannot be correct. Common Pitfalls: Students sometimes mix up the mapping by assuming one code can have multiple meanings or by not carefully checking which words overlap in the English sentences. Another common mistake is to forget that the order of words in the sentence does not matter for mapping; only the presence and overlap are important. Also, be cautious not to assign the same code word to two different English words, as that would break the one-to-one assumption. Systematic comparison avoids these errors. Final Answer: Hence, in this code language, the word "barking" is represented by Sud.

Question 15

In a certain letter coding scheme, the word SUPERMAN is written as TTQDSLBM. Using the same pattern, how will the superhero name SPIDERMAN be coded in that language?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This question tests pattern recognition in an alphabet-based coding system. You are told how the word SUPERMAN is transformed to TTQDSLBM, and then asked to encode SPIDERMAN in the same way. The pattern turns out to involve shifting letters forward or backward in the alphabet in an alternating manner. Such alternating shift patterns are very popular in exam coding–decoding questions because they are simple once spotted but still trap careless candidates. Given Data / Assumptions: Original word: SUPERMAN. Coded word: TTQDSLBM. Target word: SPIDERMAN. Alphabet positions are standard: A = 1, B = 2, ..., Z = 26. No letters are jumbled; only shifted along the alphabet. Concept / Approach: The idea is to compare each letter of SUPERMAN with the corresponding letter of TTQDSLBM and measure how many positions forward or backward it moves in the alphabet. When we write down these shifts, we notice a clear alternating pattern: the first letter moves one step forward, the second moves one step backward, the third again moves forward, and so on. Once this alternating +1, -1 pattern is confirmed, we apply it to each corresponding position of the new word SPIDERMAN to generate its code. The core concept is positional letter shifting with alternating directions. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Write positions for SUPERMAN: S, U, P, E, R, M, A, N. Step 2: Compare with TTQDSLBM: T, T, Q, D, S, L, B, M. Step 3: Check shifts: S → T (+1), U → T (-1), P → Q (+1), E → D (-1), R → S (+1), M → L (-1), A → B (+1), N → M (-1). Step 4: Conclude: for odd positions (1st, 3rd, 5th, 7th) we add 1 to the letter; for even positions (2nd, 4th, 6th, 8th) we subtract 1 from the letter. Step 5: Now take SPIDERMAN: S, P, I, D, E, R, M, A, N. Step 6: Apply +1 shift to positions 1, 3, 5, 7, 9 and -1 shift to positions 2, 4, 6, 8. Step 7: Position 1: S (+1) → T. Step 8: Position 2: P (-1) → O. Step 9: Position 3: I (+1) → J. Step 10: Position 4: D (-1) → C. Step 11: Position 5: E (+1) → F. Step 12: Position 6: R (-1) → Q. Step 13: Position 7: M (+1) → N. Step 14: Position 8: A (-1) → Z (before A comes Z in cyclic alphabet). Step 15: Position 9: N (+1) → O. Step 16: Combine all letters: T O J C F Q N Z O = TOJCFQNZO. Verification / Alternative check: To verify, you can reverse the coding on TOJCFQNZO back to SPIDERMAN using the opposite shifts: subtract 1 from odd positions and add 1 to even positions. Doing this recovers S, P, I, D, E, R, M, A, N exactly. Similarly, reversing the shifts from TTQDSLBM yields SUPERMAN again. The successful reverse check shows that our alternating pattern is correct and consistently applied. Ensuring reversibility is a strong way to validate any coding-decoding logic in such questions. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Option B (TOJCFSLBM) breaks the pattern after the sixth letter and introduces letters that would correspond to a different shifting rule. Option C (TOJCFONZO) alters the mapping in the middle segment and does not follow the strict +1, -1 alternation. Option D (TOJCOSLBM) changes multiple letters inconsistently. Option E (TPKCFQNZO) breaks the pattern right from the second position. Only Option A matches the precise alternating shift (+1 at odd positions, -1 at even positions) when tested letter by letter. Common Pitfalls: Exam takers sometimes miscount positions (mixing up which positions are odd or even) or forget that the alphabet wraps around (for example, moving backward from A gives Z). Another common error is to use a consistent forward shift for all letters without verifying whether odd and even positions behave differently. Always compute a few letter shifts explicitly and note the direction for each position before committing to a rule. Writing down alphabetical positions (1–26) can also reduce mistakes. Final Answer: Therefore, using the same coding rule as for SUPERMAN, the word SPIDERMAN is written as TOJCFQNZO in that code language.

Question 16

In a particular symbol code, the word STAR is written as 5$*2 and the word TORE is written as $32@. Using the same symbol substitution pattern, how will the word OATS be written in that code?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This is a classic symbol substitution coding question. Each letter in a word is replaced by a particular symbol or digit, and you are given enough examples to deduce the mapping. Once you know which symbol corresponds to which letter, you can encode a new word using the same mapping. Here, STAR and TORE are given in code form, and you must determine the correct code for OATS. Such questions test recognition of one-to-one mappings in simple substitution ciphers. Given Data / Assumptions: STAR is written as 5$*2. TORE is written as $32@. The same code is applied consistently for each letter. We assume each English letter always corresponds to a unique symbol. We need to find the code for the word OATS. Concept / Approach: We start by matching letters from STAR and TORE with their coded versions to identify the letter-to-symbol mapping. Because some letters repeat in both words (like T and R), we can cross-check consistency. Once we know the symbols for O, A, T, and S, we simply write them in the same order as in the word OATS. This is a direct substitution problem with no rearrangement of positions. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: STAR → 5 $ * 2. So S → 5, T → $, A → *, R → 2. Step 2: TORE → $ 3 2 @. We already know T → $, R → 2 from Step 1, so the new mappings are O → 3 and E → @. Step 3: We now have the complete mapping relevant to this question: S → 5, T → $, A → *, O → 3. Step 4: The target word is OATS. Write down its letters in order: O, A, T, S. Step 5: Replace each letter using the mapping: O → 3, A → *, T → $, S → 5. Step 6: So OATS is coded as 3 * $ 5, which we write as 3*$5. Verification / Alternative check: To verify, substitute back: 3*$5 becomes OATS if you reverse the mapping (3 → O, * → A, $ → T, 5 → S). Also, confirm that STAR and TORE still decode correctly: 5$*2 → S T A R and $32@ → T O R E. Because this backwards check works for both given words as well as the newly formed code, we are confident that the mapping and hence the final answer is correct. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Option A (3*5$) swaps the positions of $ and 5, which would correspond to O A S T rather than OATS. Option C (3$*5) places $ in the second position, which would encode O T A S. Option D (35*$) corresponds to O S A T and is not consistent with the required order of letters in OATS. Option E (5*3$) starts with 5 which stands for S, not O. Only Option B maps OATS to 3*$5 with the correct letter–symbol order. Common Pitfalls: The most common error is ignoring the order of letters and just looking at which symbols appear. Another mistake is mis-reading the mapping for a repeated letter like T, which appears in both STAR and TORE. Always build a small table of mappings and double-check each one. Remember that in simple substitution codes there is usually no rearrangement of letter positions, just replacement of characters with symbols or digits. Final Answer: Therefore, according to the given letter-to-symbol code, the word OATS is written as 3*$5.

Question 17

In a certain code language, the sentence "allow children to play on the ground" is written as "play allow on children the to ground". Using the same word-order pattern, how will the sentence "the do open not electric touch wires" be written in that …

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This is a word-order coding question rather than a letter-substitution code. The individual words remain unchanged, but their positions are rearranged according to a fixed positional pattern. We are told how one sentence in English is reordered, and we must deduce the exact rule for changing positions. Then we apply the same positional rearrangement to a new sentence to get the coded form. Such questions test your attention to positional patterns rather than symbol substitution. Given Data / Assumptions: Original sentence 1: allow children to play on the ground. Coded sentence 1: play allow on children the to ground. Original sentence 2: the do open not electric touch wires. The code rearranges word positions; words themselves are not altered. Concept / Approach: To solve, we assign position numbers to each word in the original sentence and then track how these positions move in the coded sentence. Once we identify the mapping pattern (for example, 4,1,5,2,6,3,7), we apply this mapping to the second sentence, which has the same number of words (7). There is no need to look at grammar or meaning; only the positions matter. Many reasoning questions apply such deterministic permutations of word positions. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Label positions in sentence 1: 1-allow, 2-children, 3-to, 4-play, 5-on, 6-the, 7-ground. Step 2: Coded sentence 1 is: play allow on children the to ground. Step 3: Identify new positions: play (4), allow (1), on (5), children (2), the (6), to (3), ground (7). Step 4: Thus, the positional mapping is: new order = 4, 1, 5, 2, 6, 3, 7. Step 5: Now label positions in sentence 2: 1-the, 2-do, 3-open, 4-not, 5-electric, 6-touch, 7-wires. Step 6: Apply the same mapping: positions 4,1,5,2,6,3,7. Step 7: Position 4 → not, position 1 → the, position 5 → electric, position 2 → do, position 6 → touch, position 3 → open, position 7 → wires. Step 8: Combine them to form the coded sentence: "not the electric do touch open wires". Verification / Alternative check: To verify, you can reverse the mapping. Starting from "play allow on children the to ground", apply the inverse positional mapping to reconstruct "allow children to play on the ground". Doing so confirms that the mapping 4,1,5,2,6,3,7 was correctly identified. Applying the same to the second sentence again yields "not the electric do touch open wires". Because the mapping works consistently in both directions and across both sentences, the solution is reliable. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Option B ("do not touch the electric open wires") has the words in a different order, not matching the pattern 4,1,5,2,6,3,7. Option C similarly rearranges the words in a grammatically natural but code-wise incorrect pattern. Option D ("not the do electric touch open wires") incorrectly places "do" and "electric". Option E begins with "electric" which should occupy the third position under the pattern, not the first. Only Option A reproduces the exact positional permutation that we extracted from the example sentence. Common Pitfalls: Students sometimes try to impose grammatical sense on the coded sentence, expecting it to be well-formed English. In coding–decoding questions, however, the coded sentence might or might not form a natural phrase. The important thing is consistent position mapping. Another error is miscounting positions or assuming a different pattern, such as reversing every two words. Carefully numbering each word and methodically checking each mapped position helps avoid such mistakes. Final Answer: Therefore, in the required code language, the sentence "the do open not electric touch wires" is written as not the electric do touch open wires.

Question 18

In a certain symbol code, the word RAT is written as "@$&" and the word HEAD is written as "%*$#". Using the same letter-to-symbol substitution, how will the word THREAD be written in that code?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This is a straightforward substitution coding problem where each letter is replaced by a unique symbol. You are told how RAT and HEAD are coded, and you must determine the code for THREAD. Because THREAD is built from the same letters R, H, E, A, D, we can reuse the mapping without any new deductions. Such questions are often asked to test whether you can build and apply a consistent substitution table for letters and symbols. Given Data / Assumptions: RAT → "@$&". HEAD → "%*$#". Letter-to-symbol mapping is consistent in every word. We must code THREAD, which uses letters T, H, R, E, A, D. Concept / Approach: We first identify the symbol assigned to each letter using the given examples. From RAT, we recover codes for R, A, and T. From HEAD, we obtain codes for H, E, A, and D and check consistency where letters repeat. Then we write THREAD in order and replace each letter with its corresponding symbol. This is a direct one-to-one substitution with no rearrangement or arithmetic involved. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: From RAT → "@$&", map R → @, A → $, T → &. Step 2: From HEAD → "%*$#", map H → %, E → *, A → $, D → #. Step 3: Check consistency: A → $ appears in both words, confirming correctness. Step 4: Now list letters of THREAD in order: T, H, R, E, A, D. Step 5: Substitute each letter using the mapping: T → & H → % R → @ E → * A → $ D → # Step 6: Combine these symbols: & % @ * $ #, giving &%@*$#. Verification / Alternative check: To verify, substitute back: &%@*$# → T H R E A D. Since each symbol returns to a unique letter and we can also reconstruct RAT and HEAD from "@$&" and "%*$#", we know the mapping is consistent across all words. There is no rearrangement or extra symbol, so &%@*$# is an exact encoding of THREAD under the given scheme. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Option A (#$*@%&) jumbles the symbols in the wrong order; it would decode as D A E R H T, not THREAD. Option B (@#%$*&) also misorders the symbols. Option D (&*$%#@) changes the order of symbols so the letter sequence would be T E A H D R. Option E (@$%*#&) does not follow the correct letter order of THREAD. Only Option C matches the exact sequence T, H, R, E, A, D mapped symbol by symbol, so only it is valid. Common Pitfalls: The most frequent mistake is to lose track of the letter order in the target word or to copy symbols incorrectly. Another issue is assuming some rearrangement of letters is happening when it is purely a substitution. Always write out a mapping table and then carefully substitute, checking each position. Consistent attention to detail is enough to avoid errors in this type of problem. Final Answer: Thus, the word THREAD is written as &%@*$# in the given symbol code.

Question 19

In a certain number code, the word MISTAKE is written as 9765412 and the word NAKED is written as 84123. Using the same digit code, how will the word DISTANT be written?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This question uses a letter-to-digit coding system. The words MISTAKE and NAKED are given with their numeric codes, and you must use this mapping to encode a new word, DISTANT. Because all the letters in DISTANT appear among the letters of MISTAKE and NAKED, we can derive the complete mapping needed. Such questions test your ability to construct a digit mapping and apply it accurately to a new word without confusion. Given Data / Assumptions: MISTAKE → 9765412. NAKED → 84123. All letter–digit mappings are consistent across words. Target word: DISTANT. No rearrangement; we simply write digits corresponding to each letter in order. Concept / Approach: We first assign digits to letters using the code for MISTAKE. Then we refine and extend this mapping by using the code for NAKED. Once the mapping is complete, we encode DISTANT by replacing each letter with its corresponding digit. This is a direct substitution problem: each letter is replaced by a fixed digit wherever it appears. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: From MISTAKE → 9765412, map each letter position-wise: M → 9, I → 7, S → 6, T → 5, A → 4, K → 1, E → 2. Step 2: From NAKED → 84123, add new mappings and cross-check existing ones: N → 8, A → 4 (same as before, consistent), K → 1 (consistent), E → 2 (consistent), D → 3. Step 3: The letter set for DISTANT is D, I, S, T, A, N, T. Step 4: Substitute each letter: D → 3 I → 7 S → 6 T → 5 A → 4 N → 8 T → 5 Step 5: Combine digits in order: 3 7 6 5 4 8 5 → 3765485. Verification / Alternative check: To verify, you can check that this mapping reconstructs the original words. Using the mapping M → 9, I → 7, S → 6, T → 5, A → 4, K → 1, E → 2, MISTAKE indeed becomes 9765412. Similarly, N → 8, A → 4, K → 1, E → 2, D → 3 turns NAKED into 84123. Furthermore, if you decode 3765485 using the same mapping, you get DISTANT correctly. This consistency in forward and backward direction ensures that the mapping is correct and that 3765485 is the valid code for the word DISTANT. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Options B, C, D, and E all change at least one digit in a way that would correspond to changing the mapped letter. For example, any option that places a digit other than 3 for D, or other than 8 for N, or changes the repeated digit 5 for T, breaks the mapping established from the given words. Once we fix the mapping from MISTAKE and NAKED, there is only one possible sequence of digits for DISTANT, which is 3765485, making the other options impossible. Common Pitfalls: A common error is to misread or miscopy digits from the given words or to assume that letter positions might also affect digits. In this question, the mapping is purely letter-based and position-independent. Candidates also occasionally reverse the order of digits or forget that repeated letters must always correspond to the same digit. Building a clear mapping table and double-checking each substitution helps avoid these mistakes. Final Answer: Hence, in the given number code, the word DISTANT is written as 3765485.

Question 20

In a certain code language, "how can you go" is written as "ja da ka pa", "can you come here" is written as "na ka sa ja" and "come and go" is written as "ra pa sa". In this code, how is the word "here" written?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This problem is another example of code language decoding, where each English word is mapped to a unique code syllable. Three coded sentences are given, and the goal is to find the code for the specific word "here". The reasoning involves comparing sets of words across sentences, identifying common words and common codes, and then isolating the remaining unmatched word–code pair. This set-intersection method is very standard in competitive reasoning sections. Given Data / Assumptions: "how can you go" → "ja da ka pa". "can you come here" → "na ka sa ja". "come and go" → "ra pa sa". Each English word corresponds to exactly one code, and vice versa. The mapping is consistent across all sentences. Concept / Approach: We solve these questions by comparing pairs of sentences. Common English words must correspond to common codes. First, we identify the codes for words like "go" and "come". Then we deduce codes for "can" and "you" and finally the code for "here" by elimination. The key idea is careful comparison and deduction, not guessing from frequency alone. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Compare sentence 1 ("how can you go") with sentence 3 ("come and go"). Step 2: Common English word: "go". Step 3: Common code between "ja da ka pa" and "ra pa sa" is "pa". So "go" → "pa". Step 4: Now compare sentence 2 ("can you come here") with sentence 3 ("come and go"). Step 5: Common English word: "come". Step 6: Common code between "na ka sa ja" and "ra pa sa" is "sa". So "come" → "sa". Step 7: Now focus on sentence 1 and sentence 2. Words in common: "can" and "you". Codes in common: "ja" and "ka" (since "da" and "pa" are only in sentence 1, and "na" and "sa" are only in sentence 2 or 3). Step 8: Thus "can" and "you" correspond to "ja" and "ka" in some order, but we do not need to know which is which to find "here". Step 9: In sentence 2 ("can you come here" → "na ka sa ja"), we now know that "come" → "sa" and "can"/"you" → "ja"/"ka". Step 10: The only English word not yet mapped in sentence 2 is "here", and the only code not yet assigned from that sentence is "na". Step 11: Therefore "here" → "na". Verification / Alternative check: Using the mapping "go" → "pa", "come" → "sa", "here" → "na", and "can"/"you" → "ja"/"ka", you can reconstruct the three sentences and see that each code set matches correctly. No code is used for two different English words, and each English word occurring in multiple sentences is mapped consistently. This confirms that "na" is indeed the unique code for "here". Why Other Options Are Wrong: Option B ("ja") or Option C ("sa") are already part of the mapping for "can"/"you" and "come", so they cannot also represent "here" under a one-to-one mapping assumption. Option E ("pa") is fixed as the code for "go" from the first and third sentences. Option D ("None") is incorrect because there is a valid code for "here" present in the data. Only Option A matches the remaining unmapped code "na". Common Pitfalls: Students often stop after finding the codes for obvious common words like "go" and "come" and forget to push the logic further to solve for "here". Another common pitfall is assuming a word might share a code with another word, which breaks the one-to-one mapping assumption and leads to contradictions. Writing down all known mappings clearly and systematically crossing out used codes and words helps avoid confusion. Final Answer: Thus, in this code language, the word "here" is written as na.

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