Question 1

If the word "green" actually means "red", "red" means "yellow", "yellow" means "blue", "blue" means "orange" and "orange" means "green", what will be the colour of a clear sky in this code language?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This is a classic colour renaming puzzle where colour words are reassigned to different meanings. The question checks your ability to distinguish between the real world fact (the actual colour of the sky) and the new artificial naming scheme described in the question. Given Data / Assumptions: We are told the following meanings: "green" means red. "red" means yellow. "yellow" means blue. "blue" means orange. "orange" means green. We also know from general knowledge that the colour of a clear sky is blue. Concept / Approach: The crucial idea is to first decide the true colour of the object (the sky) in the real world, and only then translate that colour into the new language. We must not start from the given words and move backwards; instead we begin with the fact that a clear sky is blue and then see which word has been defined to mean blue in the puzzle. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: In reality, the colour of a clear sky is blue. Step 2: According to the code language, the word "yellow" means blue. Step 3: However, the question asks, "what is the colour of clear sky?" in the coded world. That means we must give the name that people in this code language would speak when they look at the sky. Step 4: They will see the real colour blue, but in their language "blue" stands for orange. So the spoken colour word corresponding to the sky will now be "orange". Verification / Alternative check: We can follow the mapping carefully: real-blue → code-word "orange" (because "blue" means orange). The intermediate line about "yellow" meaning blue can confuse you if you try to work in the wrong direction, but for naming the visible colour, what matters is which word denotes blue in the coded system, and that chain leads us finally to "orange" as the spoken word. Why Other Options Are Wrong: "Blue" is the real colour, not the coded name. "Green" and "Yellow" are both used in the chain but do not represent the spoken name for the sky when the mapping is applied correctly. None of them is the final word that people in this language would use when they observe a blue sky. Common Pitfalls: Learners often rush and answer "blue" simply because they recall the real colour of the sky. Others stop the chain at "yellow means blue" and mistakenly answer "yellow". It is important to read the full set of mappings and trace which word will actually be spoken for the real colour in question. Final Answer: In this coded language, a clear sky would be described as orange.

Question 2

If "air" is called "green", "green" is called "blue", "blue" is called "sky", "sky" is called "yellow", "yellow" is called "water" and "water" is called "pink", then what is the colour of a clear sky in this coded naming system?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This problem again plays with renaming familiar words. Instead of changing the physical colour, it changes the label that we use for that colour. You must track how the colour name for the sky is altered in the new code language. Given Data / Assumptions: The mappings are: "air" → green. "green" → blue. "blue" → sky. "sky" → yellow. "yellow" → water. "water" → pink. We know from real world knowledge that a clear sky is blue in colour. Concept / Approach: We first identify the true colour of a clear sky (blue), then see which coded word now stands for that colour. The point is not to follow the chain all the way to pink but to stop at the place where the real colour is matched. This is different from the previous question, so careful reading is important. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: A clear sky is actually blue. Step 2: In the code, "green" is called "blue". That tells us that the real thing which used to be called green is now labelled blue. Step 3: We need the label for blue itself. According to the mapping, the word "blue" is now used to denote "sky". Step 4: Therefore, when people in this coded language look at a blue sky, the label they use for the colour is "sky". Verification / Alternative check: If you try to continue the chain (sky → yellow → water → pink), you would be moving away from the actual colour of the sky instead of naming it. The question is strictly about the colour of sky, not about where the word "sky" has been reassigned. The direct mapping for the real colour blue is the step where "blue" is called "sky". Why Other Options Are Wrong: "Blue" is again the physical colour rather than the new coded name. "Yellow" and "Water" occur later in the chain and do not directly label the colour blue. Hence they do not represent the spoken colour name for the sky under the new scheme. Common Pitfalls: A common mistake is to run through the entire chain of mappings and answer with the last word "pink". That would only be correct if the question had asked, "what is the new word for the old word 'sky'?" Instead, here we are asked for the colour of the sky in the new naming system, which is a subtler question. Final Answer: In this coded language, the colour of a clear sky is named Sky.

Question 3

If the word MADRAS is written as NBESBT in a certain code, then how will the word BOMBAY be written in the same code?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This coding decoding question uses a simple alphabet shifting rule. Each letter in the original word is replaced by another letter at a fixed distance in the alphabet. You need to identify this shift from the example MADRAS → NBESBT and then apply it to BOMBAY. Given Data / Assumptions: We are given: MADRAS → NBESBT. We must find the code for BOMBAY using the same rule. We assume the shift is consistent for all letters and does not depend on position. Concept / Approach: The natural idea is to compare each letter of MADRAS with the corresponding coded letter in NBESBT and compute the alphabetic shift. If this difference is the same for all positions, the code is a simple Caesar shift, and we can straightforwardly apply it to BOMBAY. Step-by-Step Solution: Write down the letters of MADRAS and NBESBT vertically aligned: M→N, A→B, D→E, R→S, A→B, S→T. For each pair, observe that the coded letter is one step ahead of the original in the alphabet: M becomes N, A becomes B, D becomes E, R becomes S, and S becomes T. Therefore the rule is: move each letter one position forward in the English alphabet, wrapping after Z if necessary. Now apply this rule to BOMBAY: B→C, O→P, M→N, B→C, A→B, Y→Z. Thus BOMBAY becomes CPNCBZ. Verification / Alternative check: A quick verification is to reverse the shift. If we subtract one step from each letter in CPNCBZ, we should get back BOMBAY. C→B, P→O, N→M, C→B, B→A, Z→Y. This confirms that the rule is consistent and correctly applied. Why Other Options Are Wrong: CPNCBX and CPOCBZ both differ in one or more letters from the correctly shifted sequence. CQOCBZ introduces an extra shift for some letters that does not match the original example MADRAS → NBESBT. Only CPNCBZ faithfully follows the single step forward pattern for every letter. Common Pitfalls: Learners sometimes miscount by shifting letters backwards instead of forwards, or they change the shift size halfway through. Another frequent error is forgetting about the last letter Y and not shifting it correctly to Z. Always check the original example carefully and test your discovered rule in reverse as well. Final Answer: According to the same code, the word BOMBAY is written as CPNCBZ.

Question 4

If in a code language the word COULD is written as BNTKC and the word MARGIN is written as LZQFHM, how will the word MOULDING be written in that code?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This is another simple alphabet shifting question. Each letter in the original word is replaced systematically by a preceding letter in the alphabet. You must infer that shift from the two examples and then apply it correctly to MOULDING. Given Data / Assumptions: COULD → BNTKC. MARGIN → LZQFHM. We are asked to find the code for MOULDING. We assume the same shift is applied to each letter of any word, regardless of its length. Concept / Approach: To identify the rule, compare each letter and its coded form to see whether the code letter is ahead or behind in the alphabet. If the difference is consistent for all pairs in both words, we have a simple uniform shift, which can be used confidently for MOULDING. Step-by-Step Solution: Look at COULD → BNTKC. C→B, O→N, U→T, L→K, D→C. Each letter is shifted one step backward in the alphabet. Now confirm with MARGIN → LZQFHM. M→L, A→Z, R→Q, G→F, I→H, N→M. Again, every letter is one step backward, wrapping A to Z. So the rule is: shift each letter one place back in the alphabet. Apply this to MOULDING: M→L, O→N, U→T, L→K, D→C, I→H, N→M, G→F. Therefore, MOULDING becomes LNTKCHMF. Verification / Alternative check: To verify, move one step forward from each letter of LNTKCHMF and check that you recover MOULDING. L→M, N→O, T→U, K→L, C→D, H→I, M→N, F→G. This confirms that the decoding and encoding rules are consistent in both directions. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Options such as LNKTCHMF or NITKHCMF disturb the strict backward one letter shift in at least one position, so they do not respect the rule deduced from COULD and MARGIN. Only LNTKCHMF shows the exact one letter backward shift for every position in MOULDING. Common Pitfalls: One typical error is to shift some letters forward and others backward, especially around the beginning or end of the alphabet. Another common mistake is to mis-handle the wrap from A to Z. Always test your found rule on all available examples before trusting it on a new word. Final Answer: Using the same backward shift code, MOULDING is written as LNTKCHMF.

Question 5

In a certain code language the word STUDENT is written as TUTDNES. Using the same rule, how will the word SOURCES be written in that code language?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This question tests your observation of positional rearrangement in words. Instead of shifting letters in the alphabet, the code changes the order of letters following a particular pattern. You must decode this pattern from STUDENT → TUTDNES and then apply it to SOURCES. Given Data / Assumptions: STUDENT → TUTDNES. We need to code SOURCES using the same rearrangement rule. We assume that the rule is based on positions (first, second, third etc.) and is applied consistently to any seven letter word. Concept / Approach: The method is to see, for each character in the coded word TUTDNES, from which position in STUDENT it came. That positional mapping can then be reused on SOURCES, which also has seven letters. Note that STUDENT has two T's, so we must carefully consider both possible position mappings that still give the same coded word. Step-by-Step Solution: Write STUDENT with positions: 1 S, 2 T, 3 U, 4 D, 5 E, 6 N, 7 T. The code is TUTDNES. Now track which original positions can produce this: one consistent mapping is code positions = original positions [7, 3, 2, 4, 6, 5, 1]. That gives: 7→T, 3→U, 2→T, 4→D, 6→N, 5→E, 1→S, which spells TUTDNES. So the general rule is: new order of letters = 7th, 3rd, 2nd, 4th, 6th, 5th, 1st letters of the original word. Now apply this to SOURCES, whose letters are: 1 S, 2 O, 3 U, 4 R, 5 C, 6 E, 7 S. Using the same order 7, 3, 2, 4, 6, 5, 1 we get: 7→S, 3→U, 2→O, 4→R, 6→E, 5→C, 1→S, which yields SUORECS. Verification / Alternative check: If we try any of the other options and map them back with the same positional rule, they do not recreate SOURCES. SUORECS is the only option consistent with the positions used in STUDENT → TUTDNES. That confirms our positional mapping is correct and properly applied. Why Other Options Are Wrong: SOURCES is simply the original word and involves no rearrangement. SRUOCES and SOURSEC both represent different permutations that do not arise from the 7-3-2-4-6-5-1 positional rule. Therefore they cannot represent the same code pattern observed in the example. Common Pitfalls: A frequent mistake is to try to reverse the entire word or swap only the first and last letters. Such simple patterns do not fit the example exactly. Another pitfall is to ignore the significance of having seven letters and to misalign indices when applying the pattern to the new word. Final Answer: Using the same positional rearrangement, SOURCES is written in code as SUORECS.

Question 6

In a certain code language, the word "PROBLEM" is written as MPERLOB. In the same code, how will the word "NUMBERS" be written?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: Here, the letters of a word are rearranged according to a fixed positional pattern that turns PROBLEM into MPERLOB. You have to discover that positional rearrangement and apply it to NUMBERS. This is a typical pattern recognition question in coding decoding. Given Data / Assumptions: Original word: PROBLEM (1 P, 2 R, 3 O, 4 B, 5 L, 6 E, 7 M). Coded word: MPERLOB. We need to code NUMBERS, another seven letter word. We assume the mapping is purely positional and the same for all seven letter words. Concept / Approach: The strategy is to see from which positions in PROBLEM each letter in MPERLOB comes. That gives us a positional permutation. Once we know this order, we can apply the same positional permutation to NUMBERS to get its code. Step-by-Step Solution: Write the letters of PROBLEM with their positions: 1 P, 2 R, 3 O, 4 B, 5 L, 6 E, 7 M. The code MPERLOB has letters: M, P, E, R, L, O, B. Match each coded letter to its original position: M comes from position 7, P from 1, E from 6, R from 2, L from 5, O from 3, and B from 4. Thus the new order of positions is [7, 1, 6, 2, 5, 3, 4]. Now write NUMBERS with positions: 1 N, 2 U, 3 M, 4 B, 5 E, 6 R, 7 S. Apply the same position order 7, 1, 6, 2, 5, 3, 4: 7→S, 1→N, 6→R, 2→U, 5→E, 3→M, 4→B, giving SNRUEMB. Verification / Alternative check: We can verify by reversing the permutation. If we take SNRUEMB and apply the inverse positional mapping, we should get NUMBERS. Doing so restores each letter to its original position, confirming that we have used the same transformation as in PROBLEM → MPERLOB. Why Other Options Are Wrong: SNUREMB, SNRUBME and SNRUMEB all differ in the relative arrangement of the letters U, E and M. None of these can be generated by the exact positional order [7, 1, 6, 2, 5, 3, 4] that we derived from the given example. Therefore they do not correctly follow the coding rule. Common Pitfalls: Students sometimes guess that the first and last letters are merely swapped or that the word is reversed and then slightly altered. Without explicitly tracking positions, it is easy to miss the true permutation. Always write indices and track where each letter moves when a word is coded. Final Answer: Using the same positional rearrangement, the word NUMBERS is written as SNRUEMB.

Question 7

In a certain language, if ENTRY is coded as 12345 and STEADY is coded as 931785, then what will be the correct code for the word NEATNESS?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This is a standard letter to digit substitution problem. Each distinct letter has been assigned a unique digit, and the same letter always has the same digit wherever it appears. You must deduce this mapping from the two given words and then apply it to NEATNESS. Given Data / Assumptions: ENTRY → 12345. STEADY → 931785. We assume that the mapping from letters to digits is one to one and consistent across all words. Concept / Approach: Since the same letters appear in both words, we can match their digits and build a table of letter digit pairs. Once the mapping is known for each letter in NEATNESS, we can simply replace letters by digits in order to get the required code. Step-by-Step Solution: From ENTRY → 12345, we have E → 1, N → 2, T → 3, R → 4, Y → 5. From STEADY → 931785, we read S → 9, T → 3 (confirming T → 3), E → 1 (confirming E → 1), A → 7, D → 8, Y → 5 (confirming Y → 5). Now we have mappings: A → 7, D → 8, E → 1, N → 2, R → 4, S → 9, T → 3, Y → 5. Write NEATNESS and replace each letter: N E A T N E S S. N → 2, E → 1, A → 7, T → 3, N → 2, E → 1, S → 9, S → 9. Thus NEATNESS becomes 21732199. Verification / Alternative check: We can quickly check that every letter in NEATNESS has a mapping derived from the two original words; no new letters appear. Plugging the digits back through the mapping recovers NEATNESS, confirming the correctness of the substitution. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Options like 25196577 or 21362199 assign inconsistent digits to letters compared to the mappings we obtained. For example, they may change the digit for N or repeat digits incorrectly. Only 21732199 respects the mapping A → 7, N → 2, E → 1, T → 3 and S → 9 exactly in the right sequence. Common Pitfalls: One common error is to misread the second code STEADY and mis-assign digits to letters like A or D. Another is to forget that repeated letters must carry the same digit every time. Writing a clean mapping table and then filling in the target word from left to right prevents such mistakes. Final Answer: Therefore, the correct code for NEATNESS is 21732199.

Question 8

In a certain code language: (A) "pit dar na" means "you are good"; (B) "dar tok pa" means "good and bad"; (C) "tim na tok" means "they are bad". In that language, which code word stands for "they"?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This is a word code mapping question where short code words represent English words. You must use overlapping information from different coded sentences to determine which specific code stands for the word "they". Given Data / Assumptions: (A) "pit dar na" → "you are good". (B) "dar tok pa" → "good and bad". (C) "tim na tok" → "they are bad". We assume that each code token corresponds to exactly one English word and vice versa within this small set. Concept / Approach: Words that repeat across sentences allow us to find their shared codes using intersections. Once some mappings are fixed, we can identify the remaining word in a sentence by elimination. Our target is "they", which appears only in the third sentence, so we must decode the other words in that sentence first. Step-by-Step Solution: From (A), the words "you are good" correspond to codes "pit dar na". From (B), the words "good and bad" correspond to "dar tok pa". The common word with (A) is "good", and the common code is "dar". Thus dar → good. From (C), the words "they are bad" correspond to "tim na tok". The word "bad" is common with (B), and the common code between "dar tok pa" and "tim na tok" is "tok". So tok → bad. Now, the word "are" is common between (A) and (C). The common code between "pit dar na" and "tim na tok" is "na". Hence na → are. In (A), we already have dar → good and na → are, so the remaining code "pit" must stand for "you". In (C), "they are bad" = "tim na tok". We already know na → are and tok → bad. Thus the remaining code "tim" must correspond to "they". Verification / Alternative check: We can list all mappings: pit → you, dar → good, na → are, tok → bad, pa → and, tim → they. Each sentence now translates consistently without contradiction, confirming the mapping for "they". Why Other Options Are Wrong: "na" stands for "are", not "they". "tok" stands for "bad". "pit" stands for "you". None of these match the meaning of "they" once the intersecting information is correctly processed. Only "tim" remains as the correct code for "they". Common Pitfalls: A typical mistake is to treat any code that appears only once (like tim) as random or to guess it without fully decoding the others. Carefully using intersections between sentences removes ambiguity and ensures that every mapping is grounded in the data. Final Answer: The code word that stands for "they" is tim.

Question 9

In a certain code, "247" means "spread red carpet"; "256" means "dust one carpet"; and "264" means "one red carpet". Which single digit in that code stands for the word "dust"?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This is a basic number code question where each word in a phrase is represented by one digit. By comparing the digit patterns for similar phrases, we can identify the unique digit that corresponds to a specific word, here "dust". Given Data / Assumptions: 247 → spread red carpet. 256 → dust one carpet. 264 → one red carpet. We assume that each distinct word has a fixed digit and each digit stands for a single word within this context. Concept / Approach: The main idea is to locate the common word "carpet" across all three phrases and identify its digit, then use pairwise overlaps to identify "red" and "one". Once those are known, the remaining digit in the phrase containing "dust" will give us the code for "dust". Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: "Carpet" appears in all three phrases. The common digit among 247, 256 and 264 is 2, so 2 → carpet. Step 2: "Red" appears in "spread red carpet" (247) and "one red carpet" (264). Remove the carpet digit 2 from each, leaving 47 and 64 respectively. Step 3: The common remaining digit between 47 and 64 is 4, so 4 → red. Step 4: In "one red carpet" (264), the digits now correspond to one, red, carpet = ?, 4, 2. The only unused digit is 6, so 6 → one. Step 5: In "dust one carpet" (256), we have dust, one, carpet = ?, 6, 2. The remaining digit 5 must therefore stand for dust. Verification / Alternative check: Check each phrase with the full mapping: 247 → 2 (carpet), 4 (red), 7 (spread) so 7 → spread. 256 → 2 (carpet), 5 (dust), 6 (one). 264 → 2 (carpet), 6 (one), 4 (red). Everything is consistent and no word is assigned more than one digit. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Digit 2 is clearly carpet, not dust. Digit 4 is red, and digit 6 is one. There is no way to interpret any of them as dust without contradicting the shared phrase logic. Hence the only correct digit is 5. Common Pitfalls: Some students incorrectly try to assign a digit to each word directly from a single phrase, ignoring the intersections. Others misidentify the common digit across the three codes. Always start with the word that appears everywhere and use set intersections step by step. Final Answer: The digit that stands for "dust" in this code is 5.

Question 10

If the word MILITARY is written as the digit sequence 1, 2, 3, 2, 4, 5, 6, 7 in a certain code, then how will the word TIMLI be written in that code?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This question uses a straightforward letter to digit mapping based on a single example. The word MILITARY has been encoded as a digit sequence, and you are asked to use the same mapping to encode TIMLI. The challenge is simply to extract the mapping correctly and then apply it carefully. Given Data / Assumptions: MILITARY → 1, 2, 3, 2, 4, 5, 6, 7. We assume each distinct letter has exactly one associated digit, and that mapping stays the same for all words we encode. Concept / Approach: We will line up the letters of MILITARY with the digits beneath them to see which digit corresponds to which letter. Then we will write the letters of TIMLI and substitute each letter with its digit from the mapping table. Since TIMLI uses only letters present in MILITARY, no new mapping is necessary. Step-by-Step Solution: Write MILITARY with positions: M I L I T A R Y. Below it, write the given digits: 1 2 3 2 4 5 6 7. Now read off the mapping: M → 1, I → 2, L → 3, T → 4, A → 5, R → 6, Y → 7. Now take TIMLI: T I M L I. Using the mapping, T → 4, I → 2, M → 1, L → 3, I → 2, giving the sequence 4, 2, 1, 3, 2. Verification / Alternative check: We can verify the mapping is consistent by checking each letter of MILITARY again. M and I appear more than once (M once, I twice), and they always carry the same digits in the sample code. Applying the mapping back from digits 4, 2, 1, 3, 2 yields T I M L I, confirming the encoding is correct. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Other options put the digits in a different order, which would correspond to a different arrangement of letters such as T L M I I or similar words that are not TIMLI. They ignore or violate the letter to digit mapping that is clearly implied in MILITARY → 1, 2, 3, 2, 4, 5, 6, 7. Common Pitfalls: A common mistake is to assume digits correspond to positions in the word instead of letters, or to misread a digit. Writing the mapping explicitly prevents confusion, especially when letters repeat. Always double check the mapping table before applying it to the new word. Final Answer: Therefore, the word TIMLI is written as 4, 2, 1, 3, 2 in this code.

Question 11

If "train" is called "bus", "bus" is called "tractor", "tractor" is called "car", "car" is called "scooter", "scooter" is called "bicycle" and "bicycle" is called "moped", then which of these vehicles is used to plough a field (according to the new …

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This question checks whether you can keep track of relabelled objects. The physical objects remain the same, but their names are changed in a chain. You must figure out which new name refers to the vehicle that is actually used for ploughing a field. Given Data / Assumptions: train → called bus. bus → called tractor. tractor → called car. car → called scooter. scooter → called bicycle. bicycle → called moped. We know from real life that a tractor is the vehicle commonly used to plough fields. Concept / Approach: The core idea is to separate the real object from the new label. We begin with the real object "tractor" (the field ploughing vehicle) and look up what new word is being used for it in this naming system. That is all we need; the other name changes are distractors. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Identify the real world answer: the vehicle used to plough a field is a tractor. Step 2: According to the renaming chain, "tractor" is called "car". That means whenever we speak of a real tractor in this code language, we now use the word "car". Step 3: Therefore, if the question asks which of the options is used to plough a field under the new naming system, we must choose "car". Verification / Alternative check: Note that "bus" is the new name for a real train, not for a tractor. "train" is the new name for nothing that ploughs fields. "tractor" in this code is the name for a real bus, not for the farm vehicle, so it cannot be the right choice in the coded context. Only "car" is tied directly to the real tractor by the given mapping. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Train, bus and tractor as options reflect either different objects or new names for other objects in the chain. None of them correspond to the real tractor under the new naming rule. Hence they cannot represent the field ploughing vehicle when viewed through the code. Common Pitfalls: Many students are tempted to choose "tractor" because they focus only on the real world meaning and ignore the renaming entirely. Others get lost in the chain of mappings. Always begin with the real object and replace its name exactly once using the given rule to find the coded answer. Final Answer: In the new naming system, the vehicle used to plough a field is called a Car.

Question 12

In a certain code language, "is uc he bh kr" means "Lucky likes to dance freely"; "ha by lm kr op" means "Dance can be a hobby"; "he id ac kr bh" means "Lucky teaches dance to kids"; and "kr id bh tw uc" means "Kids dance freely with Lucky". In this…

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This is a multi sentence coding decoding problem where you must decode several words simultaneously using overlapping information. The target is to encode the sentence "Lucky likes to dance with kids" using the same code language defined in the four given statements. This tests both logical reasoning and careful tracking of word code pairs. Given Data / Assumptions: Sentence 1: "is uc he bh kr" → "Lucky likes to dance freely". Sentence 2: "ha by lm kr op" → "Dance can be a hobby". Sentence 3: "he id ac kr bh" → "Lucky teaches dance to kids". Sentence 4: "kr id bh tw uc" → "Kids dance freely with Lucky". We assume each code token consistently represents the same English word across all sentences. Concept / Approach: We identify repeated words like "Lucky", "dance", "kids", "freely" and "are" equivalents across sentences and match them to repeating codes. Then we decode the remaining words by elimination. Finally, we construct the required sentence in English and replace each word with its code in the correct order. Step-by-Step Solution: 1. "Dance" appears in all four sentences, and the code "kr" appears in all four coded lines. So kr → dance. 2. "Lucky" appears in sentences 1, 3 and 4. The common codes among their lines are bh and kr. kr is already dance, so bh → Lucky. 3. "Freely" appears in sentences 1 and 4. After removing known codes (bh for Lucky and kr for dance), the remaining codes in sentence 1 are is, uc, he and in sentence 4 are id, tw, uc. The only common code is uc, so uc → freely. 4. "Kids" appears in sentences 3 and 4. Removing kr (dance) and bh (Lucky) from both, the overlap between "he id ac" and "id tw uc" is id. Hence id → kids. 5. In sentence 3, "Lucky teaches dance to kids" = he id ac kr bh. We already know bh → Lucky, kr → dance, id → kids, leaving he and ac for "teaches" and "to" in some order. 6. In sentence 1, "Lucky likes to dance freely" = is uc he bh kr. We know uc → freely, bh → Lucky, kr → dance. Thus "likes" and "to" correspond to is and he. Since he already appears in the sentence about "teaches" and "to", it is natural to assign he → to and ac → teaches, leaving is → likes. 7. "With" appears only in sentence 4: "Kids dance freely with Lucky" = kr id bh tw uc. All words except "with" now have codes (kr, id, bh, uc). So tw → with. 8. Now encode "Lucky likes to dance with kids": Lucky → bh, likes → is, to → he, dance → kr, with → tw, kids → id. So the full code is "bh is he kr tw id". Verification / Alternative check: Substitute these mappings back into all given sentences to confirm consistency: each English sentence is reconstructed correctly with no contradictions. When we decode "bh is he kr tw id", we read "Lucky likes to dance with kids" exactly, which matches the target. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Option "he kr op id uc tw" contains op and omits bh, which we already know must represent "Lucky". Option "ac tw op bh uc id" also includes op, a code that never appears in a context matching "likes" or "to" in the correct order. Both fail to translate back to the target sentence correctly. Common Pitfalls: It is easy to mix up roles of he, is and ac, or to forget to remove already identified codes when searching for overlaps. Careful stepwise elimination and writing a mapping table at each stage avoids confusion and ensures that the final code matches the intended sentence exactly. Final Answer: The sentence "Lucky likes to dance with kids" is coded as bh is he kr tw id.

Question 13

In a certain code, "Black" means "Orange", "Orange" means "Violet", "Violet" means "Green", "Green" means "White", "White" means "Yellow" and "Yellow" means "Sky blue". In this code language, what is the colour of coal?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This is a trick question combining a simple code mapping with basic general knowledge. Several colour names are reassigned, but the key is to focus on the actual colour of coal and then find the new coded name for that colour, not for the word itself. Given Data / Assumptions: Mappings in the code language: "Black" → Orange. "Orange" → Violet. "Violet" → Green. "Green" → White. "White" → Yellow. "Yellow" → Sky blue. We know from general knowledge that coal is black in colour. Concept / Approach: We first identify the true colour of coal in the real world. Then we see which coded word corresponds to that colour. The rest of the chain involving other colours is largely a distraction for this particular question. We are not being asked for the image of some arbitrary word; we are asked for the new name of the real colour of coal. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Coal is actually black in colour. Step 2: In the given coding scheme, the word "Black" is redefined to mean "Orange". That is, whenever someone in this code language talks about a black coloured object, they will use the word "Orange". Step 3: Since the question is asked in terms of the code language, we must answer using the new colour name. The physical colour of coal is unchanged (still black), but its coded colour name is now Orange. Verification / Alternative check: Note that no other mapping directly involves coal. The entire mapping is between colour words themselves. The only relevant connection is the one that attaches the original colour "Black" to the new word "Orange". That is sufficient to answer the question. Why Other Options Are Wrong: "Sky Blue", "Violet" and "Yellow" are all just further steps in the mapping chain among other colour words, not the new label for black. None of them is directly linked to the real colour of coal by the given definitions, so they cannot be correct answers here. Common Pitfalls: Some students ignore the coding and answer "black" from general knowledge, which does not match any option. Others misread the chain and think they must follow all steps until "Sky blue". The trick is to stop as soon as you reach the mapping for the original colour of the object in question. Final Answer: In this code language, coal is said to be Orange in colour.

Question 14

In a certain code language, the word FASHION is coded as FOIHSAN by rearranging its letters. Using the same coding pattern, how is the word PROBLEM coded in that language?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This verbal reasoning question is from the coding–decoding topic. Instead of replacing letters with numbers, the code rearranges the letters of the word FASHION to obtain FOIHSAN. Our job is to carefully observe the pattern used in this rearrangement and then apply exactly the same pattern to a new word, PROBLEM, so that we can find its correct coded form from the given options. Given Data / Assumptions: FASHION is written as FOIHSAN in the secret code. We must use the same coding pattern for the word PROBLEM. No letters are added or removed; only their order changes. Each letter in the original word appears exactly once in the coded word. Concept / Approach: The key idea is to map each position of the original word to a specific position in the coded word. We compare FASHION and FOIHSAN letter by letter. By aligning positions, we can see how the first, second, third and so on letters are rearranged. Once this positional pattern is clear, we will apply the same order of positions to the word PROBLEM. This approach avoids guessing and guarantees the correct answer if we follow the mapping correctly. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Write FASHION with its positions: 1-F, 2-A, 3-S, 4-H, 5-I, 6-O, 7-N. Step 2: Write FOIHSAN with positions: 1-F, 2-O, 3-I, 4-H, 5-S, 6-A, 7-N. Step 3: Observe the mapping: position 1 stays 1, position 6 becomes 2, position 5 becomes 3, position 4 stays 4, position 3 becomes 5, position 2 becomes 6 and position 7 stays 7. Step 4: Express this as a pattern of positions: [1, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 7]. Step 5: Now apply this to PROBLEM (1-P, 2-R, 3-O, 4-B, 5-L, 6-E, 7-M). Using the same order we get: 1 -> P, 6 -> E, 5 -> L, 4 -> B, 3 -> O, 2 -> R, 7 -> M, which forms PELBORM. Verification / Alternative check: We can quickly check that PELBORM uses every letter of PROBLEM exactly once and that the positional rule corresponds perfectly to what was done for FASHION. No other option follows the same consistent positional pattern [1, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 7] when applied to PROBLEM, so the code PELBORM is unique and correct. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Option B: PRBOELM rearranges the letters in a different order and does not follow the [1, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 7] pattern. Option C: RPBOELM starts with R instead of P, which already violates the first position rule. Option D: PELBMOR changes the relative positions of B, M, O and R compared to the required mapping. Option E: PROBELM is only a mild shuffle of the original word, not the specific coded pattern derived from FASHION. Common Pitfalls: Many test-takers try to guess the answer by visual similarity or by counting letters without analysing the exact positions. Another common mistake is to look for shifts in alphabet order rather than noticing that this question is about rearrangement only. Some students also miscopy positions or accidentally skip a letter when applying the pattern, which leads to near-miss options that look almost correct but are wrong. Carefully writing down positions and applying the pattern systematically avoids these errors. Final Answer: The word PROBLEM is coded as PELBORM in this language.

Question 15

In a certain code language, the word 'wall' is called 'window', 'window' is called 'door', 'door' is called 'floor', 'floor' is called 'roof' and 'roof' is called 'ventilator'. According to this code, on what will a person stand?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This is a classic verbal reasoning problem involving renaming everyday objects. Instead of changing the objects themselves, the puzzle changes what each object is called. The test is whether you can keep track of the real-world meaning versus the new code name. Here, several familiar items like wall, window, door, floor, roof and ventilator are relabelled, and we are asked to identify on what a person will stand using those new names. Given Data / Assumptions: 'Wall' is called 'window'. 'Window' is called 'door'. 'Door' is called 'floor'. 'Floor' is called 'roof'. 'Roof' is called 'ventilator'. A person normally stands on the floor in real life. Concept / Approach: In such renaming questions, we must always think in two layers. First, identify the real object that satisfies the condition (here, what we truly stand on). Second, convert that real object into its coded name according to the given mapping. It is important not to confuse the code names with the actual physical objects. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: In the real world, a person stands on the floor of a room or building. Step 2: Now check the code mapping for the word 'floor': the statement says 'floor is called roof'. Step 3: This means that whenever we want to refer to the object floor in the coded language, we must say 'roof'. Step 4: Therefore, in the coded language, the sentence 'A person stands on the floor' would be expressed as 'A person stands on the roof'. Step 5: Hence the correct coded answer to the question is 'Roof'. Verification / Alternative check: We can also verify this by mentally reversing the mapping. If someone says 'A person stands on the roof' in this artificial language, using the dictionary we can decode 'roof' back to its real-world meaning 'floor'. That confirms that choosing 'Roof' as the answer correctly represents the place a person stands on. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Option A: Window refers to an object that is actually the wall in the code language, not the surface we stand on. Option B: Wall refers to the actual window, which again is not the walking surface. Option C: Floor is the real-world object, but the question asks for the coded word, not the original term. Option E: Ventilator is the new name for roof, which itself was the real roof, not the floor. Common Pitfalls: A very common mistake is to answer with the real object instead of its coded name. Some students see 'On what will a person stand?' and immediately mark 'Floor' because they forget to translate into the artificial language. Others get confused by the chain of renaming and accidentally pick 'Wall' or 'Window'. Drawing a small two-column table (real object versus code word) is a reliable way to avoid confusion in such questions. Final Answer: According to the given code language, a person will stand on the Roof.

Question 16

In a certain code language, the word PREMONITION is written as the number sequence 68530492904. Using the same pattern of substitution, how will the word MONITOR be written in that code language?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This question tests a very common style of coding–decoding where each letter of a word is replaced with a particular digit. The example PREMONITION is already converted to 68530492904. Our task is to infer the consistent mapping between letters and digits from this example and then apply that mapping to the word MONITOR to obtain its coded form. Given Data / Assumptions: PREMONITION is written as 68530492904. The same code is used for other words, including MONITOR. Each instance of a particular letter is always replaced by the same digit. The order of digits in the code corresponds to the order of letters in the original word. Concept / Approach: The key concept is one-to-one letter–digit substitution. By aligning PREMONITION and its code, we can build a small dictionary: which letter corresponds to which digit. Once this dictionary is clear, we simply read off the code for MONITOR letter by letter. No arithmetic is needed; careful matching and consistency are enough. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Write PREMONITION under its code: P R E M O N I T I O N and 6 8 5 3 0 4 9 2 9 0 4. Step 2: Match letters with digits: P -> 6, R -> 8, E -> 5, M -> 3, O -> 0, N -> 4, I -> 9, T -> 2. Step 3: Check that repeated letters have the same digit: O appears twice and is coded as 0 both times; N appears twice and is coded as 4; I appears twice and is coded as 9. This confirms consistency. Step 4: Now write MONITOR and substitute: M -> 3, O -> 0, N -> 4, I -> 9, T -> 2, O -> 0, R -> 8. Step 5: Joining these digits in order gives 3049208 as the code for MONITOR. Verification / Alternative check: We can quickly recheck each letter: M (3), O (0), N (4), I (9), T (2), O (0), R (8). All mappings are directly taken from the PREMONITION example and there are no contradictions. Therefore 3049208 must be the correct code. Any other sequence would either change the digit associated with a letter or alter the letter order, both of which are not allowed. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Option A: 1234567 assigns completely new digits that are not based on the given PREMONITION mapping. Option C: 3029408 changes the positions of the digits corresponding to N and I, breaking the letter order of MONITOR. Option D: 3049258 alters the digits associated with T and R, which must be 2 and 8 respectively. Option E: 3094208 misplaces the digits 9 and 4 with respect to the correct letter sequence. Common Pitfalls: A frequent error is to try to guess a numeric pattern based on arithmetic operations instead of simply reading the given letter–digit mapping. Another mistake is careless copying of the mapping table, causing a digit swap for repeated letters like O or N. Always construct a clean list of letter–digit pairs from the example and then use it exactly as given when encoding a new word. Final Answer: The correct code for MONITOR in this language is 3049208.

Question 17

In a coding–decoding system, the word 'Pour' is written as 4156, 'Sware' is written as 78269 and 'Clear' is written as 3@926. Using the same pattern, what is the correct code for the word 'Pearl'?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This coding–decoding question uses a direct letter-to-symbol and digit substitution. We are given three example words and their corresponding codes: Pour, Sware and Clear. From these, we have to deduce the hidden mapping for each letter, then apply it to a new word, Pearl, to find its code. Problems like this are common in banking and competitive exams to test pattern recognition and careful observation skills. Given Data / Assumptions: Pour is written as 4156. Sware is written as 78269. Clear is written as 3@926. Each letter is consistently replaced with a single digit or symbol. The order of letters is preserved in the order of digits and symbols. Concept / Approach: The main idea is to treat each example as evidence for how individual letters are coded. By aligning letters and their codes, we can build a mapping table. Once we know the code for P, E, A, R and L, we can simply concatenate them in order to obtain the code for Pearl. It is important to check that each letter always produces the same symbol or digit across different words. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: From Pour -> 4156, we get P -> 4, O -> 1, U -> 5, R -> 6. Step 2: From Sware -> 78269, we get S -> 7, W -> 8, A -> 2, R -> 6, E -> 9 (confirming R -> 6 again). Step 3: From Clear -> 3@926, we get C -> 3, L -> @, E -> 9, A -> 2, R -> 6 (confirming E -> 9 and A -> 2 again). Step 4: Now write Pearl and substitute letter by letter: P -> 4, E -> 9, A -> 2, R -> 6, L -> @. Step 5: Joining these in sequence produces the code 4926@ for the word Pearl. Verification / Alternative check: Recheck the mapping quickly: every time P appears it becomes 4, every time R appears it becomes 6, and so on. The code 4926@ uses only the established symbol for each letter and preserves the order P-E-A-R-L. Therefore it is fully consistent with all three given examples. No other option fits the complete mapping correctly. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Option A: 429@6 places the @ symbol in the wrong position and puts 6 at the end, breaking the mapping for R and L. Option B: 4962@ changes the position of digits 2 and 6, which correspond to A and R, so the letter order is not preserved. Option C: 4692@ misassigns the digits for E and A compared with the required sequence. Option E: 492@6 again swaps the positions of L and R, which contradicts the letter order in Pearl. Common Pitfalls: Candidates often rush and mix up positions when copying or mentally rearranging digits. Another pitfall is to assume a mathematical pattern in the numbers instead of treating them as labels tied to letters. The safest method is to build a clear substitution table from all examples and then strictly follow that mapping for the target word. Final Answer: The correct coded form of PEARL in this language is 4926@.

Question 18

In a certain code, '289' means 'read from paper', '276' means 'tea from field' and '85' means 'wall paper'. Based on this information, which of the following digits represents the word 'paper' in the code?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This is a typical coding–decoding problem where each word in a small vocabulary is represented by a digit. We are given three coded number strings, each corresponding to a short phrase. By comparing these phrases and their codes, we must isolate which single digit stands for the word 'paper'. Such questions test logical comparison and the ability to work with intersections of sets. Given Data / Assumptions: '289' means 'read from paper'. '276' means 'tea from field'. '85' means 'wall paper'. The order of digits within each code does not matter for solving the mapping; only the set of digits is important. Each word is consistently represented by the same single digit. Concept / Approach: We treat each phrase as a set of words and each code as a set of digits. The common word between two phrases must correspond to the common digit between their codes. By finding intersections between codes 289 and 276, and between 289 and 85, we can identify the digits for 'from' and 'paper'. Then we select the digit for 'paper' from the options. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: From 'read from paper' (289) and 'tea from field' (276), the common word is 'from'. Step 2: The common digit between 289 and 276 is 2, so 'from' must be coded by 2. Step 3: Now consider 'read from paper' (289) and 'wall paper' (85). The common word is 'paper'. Step 4: The common digit between 289 and 85 is 8, so 'paper' must be represented by the digit 8. Step 5: The remaining digits 9 and 5 can then be associated with 'read' and 'wall' respectively, though that is not required to answer the question. Verification / Alternative check: We can verify the assignment quickly: 289 contains digits 2, 8 and 9 which match 'from', 'paper' and 'read'. The code 276 then corresponds naturally to 'tea', 'from' and 'field' with 2 for 'from'. The code 85 fits 'wall' and 'paper', sharing only 8 with 289, which is our digit for 'paper'. Everything is consistent across all three phrases, so the mapping is reliable. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Option A: 2 actually represents 'from', identified from the overlap between 289 and 276. Option C: 9 does not appear in the code 85, which is essential for the word 'paper' since that phrase includes 'paper'. Option D: The information is sufficient because we can uniquely identify the digit through intersections. Option E: 5 corresponds to 'wall' since it appears only in 85 and not in 289. Common Pitfalls: A common mistake is to assume that the order of digits corresponds directly to the order of words in the phrase, which is not given and not necessary here. Another error is overlooking that 'paper' appears in two phrases, which is exactly what allows us to isolate its code. Always look for repeated words across phrases and then match their shared digits. Final Answer: The word 'paper' is represented by the digit 8 in this code language.

Question 19

In a certain coding language, the word GO is coded as 32 and the word SHE is coded as 49. Using the same rule, what will be the code for the word SOME?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This question hides the coding rule inside two short examples, GO = 32 and SHE = 49, and then asks us to calculate the code for SOME. The pattern is numerical but is driven by letter positions in the alphabet. The question belongs to the coding–decoding section of verbal reasoning and checks whether you can detect an indirect rule based on alphabet positions when they are transformed in a slightly unusual way. Given Data / Assumptions: GO is coded as 32. SHE is coded as 49. The same rule must apply to SOME. The code numbers depend on the letters and their positions in the alphabet. Concept / Approach: The key observation is that direct alphabet positions do not give 32 for GO or 49 for SHE if we simply add or multiply. Instead, the pattern works with reversed alphabet positions. For this, A is treated as 26, B as 25, C as 24 and so on down to Z as 1. Once we convert each letter into this reversed position, we add the values for all letters in a word to obtain the final code number. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Compute reversed positions: for any letter L with normal position p, its reversed position is 27 - p. Step 2: For GO: G has normal position 7, so reversed position is 27 - 7 = 20. O has normal position 15, so reversed position is 27 - 15 = 12. Sum = 20 + 12 = 32, which matches the given code for GO. Step 3: For SHE: S has position 19, so reversed is 27 - 19 = 8. H has position 8, reversed is 19. E has position 5, reversed is 22. Sum = 8 + 19 + 22 = 49, confirming the rule for SHE. Step 4: Now apply the same rule to SOME. Normal positions: S = 19, O = 15, M = 13, E = 5. Step 5: Reversed positions: S -> 8, O -> 12, M -> 14, E -> 22. Sum = 8 + 12 + 14 + 22 = 56. Verification / Alternative check: We can re-add 8 + 12 + 14 + 22 to ensure there is no calculation mistake. The sum is 56, and it is consistent with the same rule that works perfectly for both GO and SHE. Therefore the code for SOME must be 56, and no other option can match the derived rule without contradicting the given examples. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Option B: 58 would require the total reversed sum of SOME to be 58, which it is not. Option C: 62 is larger than the actual computed sum and does not arise from any correct use of letter positions. Option D: 64 again does not match the confirmed calculation. Option E: 52 is too small compared to the true sum of 56. Common Pitfalls: Many students first try simple patterns like adding normal alphabet positions or counting letters and squaring the count, which do not work here. Others may miscalculate the reversed positions or forget to apply the same method consistently to all letters. Writing down the positions systematically prevents arithmetic errors and helps confirm the pattern using both given examples before applying it to SOME. Final Answer: The code corresponding to SOME in this language is 56.

Question 20

In a certain code language, the word FRIEND is written as FPIBNZ. Using the same pattern of letter transformation, how will the word PATRON be written?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This question deals with a letter coding system where each letter of a word is transformed in a position-dependent way. FRIEND is encoded as FPIBNZ, and we must discover the rule that converts FRIEND to FPIBNZ. Then we have to apply the same rule to PATRON and choose the correct coded form from the options. This tests our ability to compare positions and recognise alternating patterns in alphabet shifts. Given Data / Assumptions: FRIEND becomes FPIBNZ in the secret code. The same rule applies to PATRON. The length of the word remains the same; only letters change. Letter transformations may depend on position (odd or even) in the word. Concept / Approach: We inspect FRIEND and FPIBNZ letter by letter. By comparing alphabet positions, we look for a pattern such as no change at some positions and a minus or plus shift at others. Once we know how each position is treated, especially for even and odd positions, we can apply the exact same pattern to PATRON. This positional pattern approach is standard in many coding–decoding questions. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Write both words with positions: F(1) R(2) I(3) E(4) N(5) D(6) and F(1) P(2) I(3) B(4) N(5) Z(6). Step 2: Compare letters at each position: 1st position: F -> F (no change). 2nd position: R -> P (R to P is -2 in alphabet positions). 3rd position: I -> I (no change). 4th position: E -> B (E to B is -3). 5th position: N -> N (no change). 6th position: D -> Z (D to Z is -4, wrapping around the alphabet). Step 3: Observe the pattern: odd positions 1, 3 and 5 remain unchanged; even positions 2, 4 and 6 are shifted backward by -2, -3 and -4 respectively. Step 4: Apply this to PATRON (P(1) A(2) T(3) R(4) O(5) N(6)). Keep letters at positions 1, 3 and 5 unchanged: P, T, O. Step 5: Shift letter at position 2 (A) back by 2: A -> Y (since A minus 2 steps wraps around: A -> Z -> Y). Step 6: Shift letter at position 4 (R) back by 3: R -> O. Step 7: Shift letter at position 6 (N) back by 4: N -> J. Step 8: The coded form is P Y T O O J, that is, PYTOOJ. Verification / Alternative check: Check each transformed letter: P (unchanged), Y (A minus 2), T (unchanged), O (R minus 3), O (unchanged), J (N minus 4). This mirrors the FRIEND pattern exactly: unchanged, -2, unchanged, -3, unchanged, -4. Hence PYTOOJ must be correct. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Option A: PTYOPI changes positions incorrectly and does not follow the alternating rule. Option B: PYTOPJ modifies the last two letters in a way that does not match the -4 shift from N. Option D: PYTPOJ swaps letters 4 and 5, breaking the position mapping. Option E: PTYOJJ alters both the second and last letters beyond the allowed shifts. Common Pitfalls: Learners often look for a constant shift (for example, adding the same number to each letter) and miss that the rule changes with position. Another mistake is to forget the wrap-around behaviour when subtracting from letters at the beginning of the alphabet. Writing out alphabet positions explicitly helps to avoid miscalculations and confusion. Final Answer: Using the same coding pattern, PATRON is written as PYTOOJ.

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