Cause–Effect Pairing: I) Residents in the locality decide to launch a cleanliness drive. II) Civic authorities have recorded many cases of cholera and gastroenteritis in the city.
-
AIf statement I is the cause and statement II is its effect.
-
BIf statement II is the cause and statement I is its effect.
-
CIf both the statements I and II are independent causes.
-
DIf both the statements I and II are effects of independent causes.
-
ENone of these
Answer
Correct Answer: If statement II is the cause and statement I is its effect.
Explanation
Introduction / Context:Public-health data often triggers community action. Here, disease incidence (II) is likely the reason residents organize a cleanliness drive (I).
Given Data / Assumptions:
- II) Many cholera/gastro cases recorded by civic authorities.
- I) Residents decide on a cleanliness drive.
- No contrary timing details are given.
Concept / Approach:Disease outbreaks commonly provoke preventive/community mitigation efforts (sanitation, hygiene campaigns), making II → I a natural causal path.
Step-by-Step Solution:1) Recognize public-health spike as a trigger for local action.2) Cleanliness drives aim to reduce transmission vectors (contaminated water/food, poor waste disposal).3) Therefore, II causes I.
Verification / Alternative check:Reversing the direction (I → II) would imply the drive caused disease, which is illogical.
Why Other Options Are Wrong:(a) mis-assigns causality; (c) and (d) ignore an evident linkage.
Common Pitfalls:Missing the typical trigger–response sequence in civic health scenarios.
Final Answer:Statement II is the cause; Statement I is its effect.