Statement–Courses of Action (public health and sanitation): Many people die every year during summer due to drinking polluted water; which actions logically follow—(I) the government should make adequate arrangements to provide safe drinking water to all citizens, and (II) people should be educated about the dangers of drinking polluted water?

Given data

• High mortality due to polluted drinking water in summer.
• Two possible responses: expand safe-water provision; educate about risks.

Concept/Approach (source control + behavior change)Public health responses typically combine infrastructure solutions with risk communication to reduce exposure.

Step 1: Evaluate Action IProviding safe water directly removes the hazard at the source—strongly justified.

Step 2: Evaluate Action IIEducation empowers individuals to avoid unsafe sources and adopt household treatment.

Step 3: Joint adequacyTogether they reduce both systemic and behavioral risks, which is the most effective approach.

Verification/AlternativeMany successful water-safety programs pair supply improvements with hygiene education.

Common pitfallsTreating the actions as substitutes; they address different failure points.

Final AnswerBoth I and II follow.