Decision-making – Public health outbreak response Statement: Enteric fever has claimed 100 lives in some tribal villages in Madhya Pradesh over the past three weeks. Courses of Action: I. Residents of these villages should immediately be shifted to a non-infected area. II. The Government should immediately send a medical squad to the area to restrict the spread of the disease.

Introduction / Context:
This is a public health emergency. Enteric fevers spread via contaminated water/food; an effective response targets treatment, containment, sanitation, and safe water.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• Significant fatalities within three weeks.
• Tribal villages with likely limited health infrastructure.
• Urgent need to limit transmission and treat cases.

Concept / Approach:
Appropriate actions prioritize medical intervention, surveillance, safe water, ORS/antibiotics per protocol, and community education. Mass relocation is logistically difficult, disruptive, and not automatically necessary if on-site containment is feasible.

Step-by-Step Solution:

Verification / Alternative check:
Outbreak management protocols emphasize rapid medical response, case management, water-safety interventions, and hygiene promotion over blanket evacuation.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:

• I follows / Either / Both: I is not justified as a general rule.
• Neither: Ignores the necessity of immediate medical action.

Common Pitfalls:
Confusing containment with relocation; overlooking water, sanitation, and rapid treatment as primary controls.

Final Answer:
Only II follows