Critical Reasoning — Implicit Assumptions Institute director's claim: “It has become a necessity to computerize all the functions of our Institute to maintain the present position.” Assumptions to test: I. Unless computerized, the Institute will fall behind in the race. II. The Institute’s functions are too complex to be handled manually.

Introduction / Context:The director asserts that full computerization is necessary to maintain status. We must uncover which assumptions are indispensable to this necessity claim.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• Goal: maintain present competitive position.
• Assumption I: without computerization, the Institute will fall behind competitors.
• Assumption II: functions are too complex to do manually.

Concept / Approach:“Necessity to maintain position” implies a competitive or efficiency gap if not computerized. It does not require complexity beyond manual management; the reason could be speed, integration, scale, or expectations, not intrinsic complexity.

Step-by-Step Solution:

Verification / Alternative check:Negate I: even without computerization, the Institute maintains position—then “necessity” collapses. Negate II: tasks could be manageable manually yet still noncompetitive in speed—necessity can still stand. Hence only I is implicit.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:

• II only / Either / Neither / Both—each misreads “necessity” as tied to complexity rather than competitiveness and efficiency.

Common Pitfalls:Equating “manual impossibility” with “strategic necessity.” Necessity may be strategic, not technical.

Final Answer:Only assumption I is implicit