Success factors for MIS development: Which of the following are essential requirements for developing a successful Management Information System (MIS) in an organization?

Introduction / Context:
Building a Management Information System is a socio-technical effort. It requires skilled people, clear goals, and sustained sponsorship. This question checks recognition that success depends on multiple, interlocking prerequisites rather than a single factor.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• Technical specialists design, build, and integrate the system.
• Short-range goals guide near-term deliverables and quick wins.
• Long-range goals ensure architectural coherence and scalability.
• Management commitment secures budget, staffing, and change management support.

Concept / Approach:
Effective MIS programs align resources (people and funding) to a roadmap (short and long term) under clear executive sponsorship. Omitting any piece raises risk: without skills, execution fails; without goals, scope drifts; without sponsorship, change stalls.

Step-by-Step Solution:

Verification / Alternative check:
Project management frameworks and IT governance models (PMO, steering committees) emphasize these same pillars for success.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:
Each individual item is necessary yet insufficient alone; only “All of the above” captures the complete requirement set.

Common Pitfalls:
Underinvesting in change management; chasing short-term wins that undermine long-term architecture; or, conversely, planning endlessly without delivering incremental value.

Final Answer:
All of the above