Barriers to MIS implementation: The difficulty of implementing a Management Information System (MIS) is most affected by which of the following organizational factors?

Introduction / Context:
Implementing an MIS is rarely just a technical exercise. Organizational readiness, clarity of purpose, and legacy environments strongly influence project complexity and adoption. This question highlights key categories that shape implementation difficulty.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• Employee attitude encompasses change acceptance, training, and perceived value.
• Firm objectives determine scope, priorities, and success criteria.
• Existing MIS and technical debt constrain integration and migration paths.

Concept / Approach:
Change management literature emphasizes the triad of people, purpose, and platform. Without supportive attitudes and incentives, even well-built systems fail to be adopted. Misaligned objectives spawn scope creep. Legacy systems add interface complexity, data conversion effort, and process redesign needs.

Step-by-Step Solution:

Verification / Alternative check:
Post-implementation reviews commonly cite user buy-in, goal clarity, and legacy integration as top risk factors affecting timeline and benefits realization.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:
Each single factor is important but not exclusive; the combined influence best explains implementation difficulty.

Common Pitfalls:
Underestimating data migration, ignoring super-users and champions, and failing to retire redundant legacy modules.

Final Answer:
All of the above