Reducing quantization error in ADC systems How can quantization error be reduced in a counter-type or similar analog-to-digital converter architecture?

Introduction / Context:
Quantization error arises because an ADC can only represent the input with discrete codes. Increasing resolution reduces the LSB size and therefore the quantization step error.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• Counter-type (or similar) ADC using an internal DAC for comparison.
• Resolution determined by number of bits N.

Concept / Approach:
The LSB equals full-scale range / 2^N. Quantization error is on the order of ±0.5 LSB for an ideal converter. Increasing N increases 2^N and thus reduces LSB size and error magnitude. Both the counter and DAC must support the higher resolution.

Step-by-Step Solution:

Verification / Alternative check:
Example: doubling bits from 8 to 9 halves the LSB, halving quantization error in volts.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:

• Decrease bits: Makes the LSB larger, increasing error.
• Mismatched changes: Increasing only one of counter or DAC does not improve system resolution.

Common Pitfalls:

• Confusing quantization error with noise or linearity; increasing bits specifically addresses quantization.

Final Answer:
increasing the number of bits in the counter and DAC.