Output level count of a basic 4-bit DAC A basic 4-bit digital-to-analog converter can produce how many distinct output values, and are those values proportional to the binary input?

Introduction / Context:
Resolution and proportionality are fundamental DAC characteristics. A 4-bit converter’s output range is quantized into a finite number of equally spaced steps proportional to the digital code.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• Resolution N = 4 bits.
• Unipolar ideal DAC behavior assumed.

Concept / Approach:
An ideal N-bit DAC produces 2^N discrete output levels. For N = 4, there are 16 distinct values. These values are proportional to the input code, spaced by one LSB (Vref / 2^N for voltage-mode).

Step-by-Step Solution:

Verification / Alternative check:
Enumerate codes 0000 through 1111 → 16 unique outputs from zero to near full-scale.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:

• 32 values: Would require 5 bits.
• Not proportional: Ideal DAC outputs are proportional to the input code.

Common Pitfalls:

• Confusing number of codes (2^N) with number of steps between codes (2^N − 1 intervals).

Final Answer:
16 different values of voltage or current that are proportional to the input binary number