Public Sector Enterprises (PSEs) in India function under the administrative control of which of the following central ministries?

Introduction / Context:
Central Public Sector Enterprises, often abbreviated as PSEs or PSUs, play a major role in India's industrial and economic development. While individual enterprises may fall under different line ministries depending on their sector, there is a dedicated ministry that oversees the overall policy framework and administration related to public enterprises. This question asks which central ministry has that overarching responsibility for Public Sector Enterprises in India.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• The question is about Public Sector Enterprises (PSEs) at the central level.
• Four ministries are listed: Heavy Industries and Public Enterprises, Environment and Forest, Personnel and Public Grievances, and Corporate Affairs.
• We assume standard government of India ministerial structure.

Concept / Approach:
Historically, the Department of Public Enterprises has been placed under the Ministry of Heavy Industries and Public Enterprises. This ministry handles matters relating to PSE policy, performance evaluation, disinvestment guidelines, and coordination for central public enterprises. The Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change focuses on environmental regulation, the Ministry of Personnel deals with administrative reforms and personnel management, and the Ministry of Corporate Affairs regulates private corporate entities and company law. Therefore, the correct administrative home for Public Sector Enterprises in the options provided is the Ministry of Heavy Industries and Public Enterprises.

Step-by-Step Solution:

Verification / Alternative check:
When reading government organisational charts or budget documents, Public Sector Enterprises and the Department of Public Enterprises are listed under the Ministry of Heavy Industries and Public Enterprises. Additionally, policy documents mentioning disinvestment, performance evaluation, or Navratna and Maharatna status typically cite this ministry, confirming the administrative linkage between PSEs and this specific ministry.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:

• Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change: Deals with environmental policies, forest management, and climate change agreements, not PSE oversight.
• Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions: Handles issues related to civil services, administrative reforms, and grievance redressal, not directly the management of public enterprises.
• Ministry of Corporate Affairs: Regulates private companies and corporate governance frameworks but does not serve as the primary nodal ministry for central PSEs.

Common Pitfalls:
Students may confuse the role of the Ministry of Corporate Affairs with that of the ministry responsible for PSEs because both deal with corporate entities. Another pitfall is to ignore the word "Public" and assume all company related topics fall under Corporate Affairs. To avoid this, it helps to remember that "Public Enterprises" in the central government context are usually associated with Heavy Industries and its Department of Public Enterprises.

Final Answer:
Public Sector Enterprises (PSEs) in India function under the administrative control of the Ministry of Heavy Industries and Public Enterprises.