Meteorologically homogeneous stations: Which statement is correct regarding stations being “meteorologically homogeneous”?

Introduction / Context:
“Meteorologically homogeneous” implies that stations have similar climatological behavior (e.g., co-varying rainfall patterns) due to comparable controlling factors, not merely identical mean values.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• Homogeneity concerns similarity in distribution and temporal variability.
• Mean annual precipitation alone is not a sufficient criterion.
• Other influences: topography, prevailing winds, storm tracks.

Concept / Approach:
Two sites may have the same mean rainfall but very different variance, seasonality, or synoptic controls. Conversely, truly homogeneous stations can have different means yet show consistent proportional changes (e.g., similar anomalies during wet/dry years).

Step-by-Step Solution:
Evaluate statement (a): Homogeneous stations need not have exactly the same mean; homogeneity is broader than equality of averages ⇒ false.Evaluate statement (b): Equal means at two places do not imply similar variability or controls ⇒ false.Therefore, the correct choice is “Neither (a) nor (b).”

Verification / Alternative check:
Correlation analyses and regional frequency studies use statistical similarity (e.g., correlation coefficients, index-flood approach) rather than just mean equality to establish homogeneity.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:
(d) is wrong because both statements are not true; (e) elevation similarity is neither necessary nor sufficient by itself.

Common Pitfalls:
Equating “same mean” with “same climate,” or ignoring variability and synoptic regimes.

Final Answer:
Neither (a) nor (b).