In this subject based analogy question, Mughals are associated with History; using the same type of relationship, choose the subject that is most closely associated with Rivers: Mughals : History :: Rivers : ?

Introduction / Context:
This is a simple verbal analogy based on academic subjects. The pair Mughals : History shows that the topic of Mughals is studied under the subject of History. You are asked to find which subject most naturally covers the topic of Rivers. Questions like this are common in general intelligence sections and test your ability to link topics to their appropriate fields of study.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• Mughals refers to the Mughal dynasty and period in India.
• History is the academic subject that studies past events, rulers, empires and societies.
• Rivers are natural flowing water bodies on the earths surface.
• The options list common school subjects: Geography, Physics, Psychology and Biology.

Concept / Approach:
We first clarify the relationship in the example pair. Mughals are a topic within the broader subject of History. So the pattern is topic mapped to subject. We then look for the subject under which Rivers are systematically studied in school and college curricula. While rivers may appear briefly in several subjects, one subject deals with them as one of its core elements.

Step-by-Step Solution:
Step 1: Understand the pair Mughals : History. The Mughal period is a chapter in Indian and world History, so this is topic to subject.Step 2: Identify the nature of Rivers. Rivers are physical features of the Earths surface, including their origin, course, basin and impact on human settlement.Step 3: Consider the subject Geography. Geography deals with landforms, climate, river systems, oceans, population distribution and related topics.Step 4: Recognise that Rivers are systematically covered in Physical Geography and regional Geography chapters, which makes Geography the natural subject for this topic.Step 5: Review the other options. Physics studies matter, energy and forces; Psychology deals with human behaviour and mind; Biology covers living organisms and life processes.Step 6: None of these three treats Rivers as a central topic in the same way Geography does.

Verification / Alternative check:
We can verify by recalling standard school textbooks. Chapters like Major river systems of India or World rivers appear in Geography books. History textbooks, on the other hand, focus on rulers, empires and social changes, while Physics and Biology textbooks focus on scientific laws and life processes. This confirms that Rivers are most appropriately linked with Geography in the same way Mughals are linked with History.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:
Option B, Physics, may touch water flow in topics like fluid mechanics, but it does not study river systems as geographical entities. Option C, Psychology, has no direct connection to rivers as physical features. Option D, Biology, may discuss aquatic life but not rivers as landforms and drainage systems. Therefore these options do not match the subject relationship required by the analogy.

Common Pitfalls:
Some candidates get distracted by the fact that water appears in science subjects and may overthink the connection with Physics or Biology. Others may not clearly separate the idea of a natural feature from the scientific processes related to it. Always focus on which formal subject treats the given word as a main chapter or topic, not just where it might be mentioned indirectly.

Final Answer:
The subject that stands to Rivers as History stands to Mughals is Geography, so option A is correct.