In building delivery using modular coordination, which stages must be properly aligned to achieve efficiency and quality?

Introduction / Context:
Modular coordination standardises dimensions of building components so that planning, design, and site assembly align without clashes or waste. The question checks whether you understand that coordination spans all phases, not just design details.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• Modular grids and standard sizes are adopted.
• Teams must maintain dimensional discipline across drawings and works.
• Outcomes sought include speed, quality, and reduced rework.

Concept / Approach:
If planning does not anticipate module sizes, design cannot optimise layouts; if execution deviates, benefits are lost. Therefore, the entire chain planning → designing → execution must be coordinated to realise modular benefits like prefabrication fit-up, faster installation, and fewer on-site adjustments.

Step-by-Step Solution:
Establish that planning sets module grids and tolerances.Design fits components to modules and interfaces.Execution adheres to set-outs and tolerances during assembly.Conclusion: all three stages must be aligned.

Verification / Alternative check:
Industry guidance on modular construction stresses multidisciplinary coordination to prevent mismatch between prefabricated elements and site conditions.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:

• Planning only: Insufficient without design and execution alignment.
• Designing only: Fails if site execution ignores tolerances.
• Execution only: Without upstream coordination, installation problems arise.

Common Pitfalls:
Treating modularity as a drawing exercise only; ignoring tolerance management and interface details during construction.

Final Answer:
All the above.