'Mirror' is related to 'Reflection' (optical effect) in the same way as 'Water' is related to which optical phenomenon?

Introduction / Context:
Optics analogies connect materials to the characteristic optical phenomena they commonly produce. Mirrors are associated with reflection. We must select the phenomenon typically associated with light entering water.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• Mirror → Reflection is the baseline relation.
• Light passing from air into water changes speed and direction.
• Options list physical processes; only one matches the optical effect in water.

Concept / Approach:
When light passes between media of different optical densities, its path bends. That bending is called refraction, a hallmark of transparent media like water and glass.

Step-by-Step Solution:
1) Identify relation: material → characteristic optical effect.2) Mirror → Reflection (bouncing of light).3) Water → when light enters, it bends due to change in speed.4) Bending of light in a new medium = Refraction.

Verification / Alternative check:
Everyday evidence: a straw in water appears bent; lenses (made of glass, similar behavior) focus light via refraction.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:

• Conduction: Heat/electric transfer process, not optical.
• Disperson: Misspelled distractor for 'dispersion'; even then, dispersion is spectrum spreading, not the general effect.
• Immersion: An action, not an optical phenomenon.
• None of these: Incorrect because 'Refraction' is correct.

Common Pitfalls:
Confusing reflection, refraction, and dispersion. Reflection is bouncing; refraction is bending; dispersion is splitting by wavelength in prisms.

Final Answer:
Refraction