Work measurement: “Standard time” for an operation is defined as which of the following?

Introduction / Context:
Accurate standards underpin planning, costing, and incentive schemes. The relationship among observed time, normal time, and standard time must be clear to avoid under- or over-estimating capacity.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• Observed times taken over several cycles.
• Performance rating system to convert to normal time.
• Allowances for fatigue, personal needs, and delays.

Concept / Approach:
Representative (average) observed time * rating factor = normal time. Then, standard time = normal time + allowances. This ensures the standard reflects both expected performance and legitimate interruptions.

Step-by-Step Solution:

Verification / Alternative check:
Classic work measurement texts define standard time exactly as normal time plus allowances.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:
(a) Subtracting allowances is incorrect.(c) Describes normal time, not standard time.(d) A single fastest cycle is not representative.(e) Allowances alone are meaningless without normal time.

Common Pitfalls:
Using too few observations; misrating performance; misapplying allowances.

Final Answer:

Normal time plus allowances