In time study terminology, the average time recorded across observed cycles (before applying performance rating) is called the ________.

Introduction / Context:
Understanding the ladder from observed time to standard time is essential: observed → representative → normal → standard. Each step formalises adjustments for performance and allowances.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• Multiple cycle observations are timed.
• Performance rating and allowance systems are available.
• Stable method and conditions.

Concept / Approach:
Representative time is the mean (or statistically suitable average) of observed times after eliminating abnormal values. Normal time = representative time * rating factor. Standard time = normal time + allowances.

Step-by-Step Solution:

Verification / Alternative check:
Time study manuals explicitly define these terms in the same sequence.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:
Standard/Normal are later-stage results; allowance time is only a component.“Rated time” is ambiguous and not the standard terminology here.

Common Pitfalls:
Confusing “normal” with “observed”; failing to filter outliers before averaging.

Final Answer:

Representative (average observed) time