Question 1

Analogies – Choose the pair that best completes the relationship. COTTON : BALE :: ?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: In agriculture, 'cotton : bale' expresses 'material : its typical bundled unit or package.' We need a pair where the first item is commonly collected or tied into the second as a bundle or storage unit. Given Data / Assumptions: Cotton is packed into bales. We look for a traditional bundling term for another crop. Concept / Approach: Focus on commodity packaging nomenclature. A 'shock' is a stacked or tied bundle of grain or corn stalks in the field. This mirrors 'bale' for cotton. Step-by-Step Solution: 1) Identify the relation as 'commodity : standard bundle'.2) 'grain : shock' matches agricultural usage.3) 'butter : churn' is product : tool; the churn makes butter.4) 'wine : ferment' is product : process, not packaging.5) 'curd : cheese' is raw ingredient : finished product relation.6) 'beef : steak' is animal product : cut, not packaging. Verification / Alternative check: Substitute into a packaging sentence: 'Cotton is pressed into bales' and 'Grain sheaves are tied in shocks' are standard agricultural phrases, affirming equivalence. Why Other Options Are Wrong: butter : churn – Tool, not package. wine : ferment – Process, not package. curd : cheese – Transformation, not bundle. beef : steak – Cut type, not bundle. Common Pitfalls: Watch for tool–process distractors. The correct analogy is about standardized bundling terminology, not creation or processing. Final Answer: grain : shock

Question 2

Analogies – Choose the pair that best completes the relationship. ELEPHANT : PACHYDERM :: ?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This analogy uses a classification relation: an elephant is classified as a pachyderm in traditional usage. We need another species mapped to its correct higher-level group. Given Data / Assumptions: Elephant → pachyderm (thick-skinned mammal grouping in older taxonomy). We want a correct species → class mapping. Concept / Approach: Choose the option where the first is a member of the second. Reject pairs with wrong categories or cross-kingdom errors. Step-by-Step Solution: 1) Map ELEPHANT : PACHYDERM as animal : group.2) 'kangaroo : marsupial' fits exactly (kangaroo is a marsupial).3) 'mantis : rodent' is wrong class (mantis is an insect).4) 'poodle : feline' is wrong class (poodle is a dog breed).5) 'zebra : horse' are related species but not class; a zebra is not a horse.6) 'tuna : mollusk' is wrong class (tuna is a fish). Verification / Alternative check: Sentence test: 'A kangaroo is a marsupial' aligns perfectly with the pattern 'An elephant is a pachyderm.' Why Other Options Are Wrong: mantis : rodent – Incorrect taxonomy. poodle : feline – Incorrect taxonomy. zebra : horse – Same family but not a member-to-class relation. tuna : mollusk – Incorrect taxonomy. Common Pitfalls: Close-but-wrong biological relations are common traps. Always check that the second term is the correct category for the first. Final Answer: kangaroo : marsupial

Question 3

Analogies – Choose the pair that best completes the relationship. PSYCHOLOGIST : NEUROSIS :: ?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: A psychologist treats or works with neurosis. This is a 'professional : condition treated' relationship. Select the option where the specialist corresponds to a condition commonly within that specialist's domain. Given Data / Assumptions: Psychologist → neurosis (condition addressed). We seek specialist → typical condition. Concept / Approach: Confirm domain alignment. Discard reversed or mismatched pairs where the condition does not belong to that specialty or the order is inverted. Step-by-Step Solution: 1) Map PSYCHOLOGIST : NEUROSIS as clinician : treated condition.2) 'ophthalmologist : cataract' is correct (eye surgeon treats cataracts).3) 'dermatologist : fracture' is incorrect specialty; fractures are orthopedic.4) 'infant : pediatrician' reverses the relation (patient : doctor).5) 'rash : orthopedist' is wrong specialty; rashes are dermatological.6) 'oncologist : measles' is wrong specialty; measles is infectious disease/pediatrics, not oncology. Verification / Alternative check: Check professional scope: Ophthalmologists diagnose and treat cataracts routinely, mirroring the given pair's structure. Why Other Options Are Wrong: dermatologist : fracture – Specialty mismatch. infant : pediatrician – Reversed order. rash : orthopedist – Specialty mismatch. oncologist : measles – Specialty mismatch. Common Pitfalls: Be careful with reversed or near-domain options that are plausible at a glance. Confirm that the second term is a hallmark case within the specialist's practice. Final Answer: ophthalmologist : cataract

Question 4

Analogies – Choose the pair that best completes the relationship. PASTORAL : RURAL :: ?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: PASTORAL and RURAL are close synonyms, both describing the countryside. We need another pair of near-synonyms with the same register and domain, ideally in human geography. Given Data / Assumptions: Pastoral ≈ rural (countryside related). We want synonymy of similar strength. Concept / Approach: Identify a pair where both words describe the same setting or concept. Eliminate pairs that are seasonal associations, antonyms, or unrelated attributes. Step-by-Step Solution: 1) Pastoral : Rural → synonyms in setting.2) 'metropolitan : urban' are also synonyms (city-related).3) 'harvest : autumn' is association, not synonymy.4) 'agrarian : benevolent' do not share meaning; benevolent is about kindness.5) 'sleepy : nocturnal' are not synonyms; nocturnal means active at night.6) 'wild : agricultural' are contrasting concepts. Verification / Alternative check: Dictionary sense check confirms 'metropolitan' and 'urban' both describe a city environment, analogous to pastoral/rural describing the countryside. Why Other Options Are Wrong: harvest : autumn – Association not equivalence. agrarian : benevolent – Different semantic fields. sleepy : nocturnal – Not equivalent attributes. wild : agricultural – Broadly opposite domains. Common Pitfalls: Do not select words that frequently co-occur; synonym analogies require meaning equivalence, not mere association. Final Answer: metropolitan : urban

Question 5

Analogies – Choose the pair that best completes the relationship. TAILOR : SUIT :: ?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: A TAILOR works on a SUIT; this is a 'professional (or action agent) : object acted upon' relationship. We seek a pair that keeps the same direction: action performed on a suitable object. Given Data / Assumptions: Tailor → acts upon → suit. We want action → artifact being modified. Concept / Approach: Focus on verb–object compatibility. The verb should be the appropriate action applied to the noun in common usage, paralleling tailoring a suit. Step-by-Step Solution: 1) Identify the operative structure: actor's task applied to an object.2) 'edit : manuscript' matches (editing is done to a manuscript).3) 'scheme : agent' is mismatched semantics.4) 'revise : writer' reverses roles; the writer revises text, not vice versa.5) 'mention : opinion' is not a standard action-object pairing.6) 'implode : building' is an action applied by specialists, but it destroys rather than crafts; it is not analogous to tailoring as a constructive craft and is less precise than editing a manuscript. Verification / Alternative check: Sentence test: 'A tailor alters a suit' parallels 'An editor edits a manuscript.' Both are skilled modifications to improve the object. Why Other Options Are Wrong: scheme : agent – Not a verb applied to a suitable direct object. revise : writer – Reversed agent–object roles. mention : opinion – Not a canonical action-object relation. implode : building – Demolition, not craft-like modification; weaker fit. Common Pitfalls: Some choices look grammatically acceptable yet lack the precise professional-to-object alignment. Choose a pair with a routine, skilled modification relationship. Final Answer: edit : manuscript

Question 6

Analogies – Choose the pair that best completes the relationship. PEDAL : BICYCLE :: ?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: A PEDAL is a component or part of a BICYCLE. The required relationship is 'part : whole.' We need a similar mechanical component that belongs to a larger object in the same direction. Given Data / Assumptions: Pedal belongs to bicycle as a necessary component. We want another physical part that belongs to its vehicle. Concept / Approach: Check which options are parts of the named whole. Discard unit–measure, action–action, or tool–vehicle relations that do not preserve part–whole structure. Step-by-Step Solution: 1) Identify pattern: part → whole.2) 'tire : automobile' fits, as a tire is a part of a car.3) 'inch : yardstick' is unit vs. measuring device, not a component.4) 'walk : skip' are actions, not part–whole.5) 'buckle : belt' is also part–whole, but introduces ambiguity across apparel rather than machinery; the more precise vehicle-component analogy is superior and conventional for test items.6) 'oar : canoe' is an accessory used with a canoe but not a fixed component of the canoe; it is detachable equipment. Verification / Alternative check: Sentence test: 'A pedal is part of a bicycle' and 'A tire is part of an automobile' are standard statements of composition in mechanical contexts. Why Other Options Are Wrong: inch : yardstick – Measurement relation, not composition. walk : skip – Action–action, no whole. buckle : belt – Part–whole but from apparel; the automotive component analogy more closely mirrors the mechanical context. oar : canoe – Tool paired with vehicle, not an inherent part. Common Pitfalls: Beware of accessory relationships. The correct choice should reflect a built-in component similar to how a pedal belongs to a bicycle. Final Answer: tire : automobile

Question 7

Analogy reasoning — choose the pair that shows the same relationship as: DIVISION : SECTION. Consider how a larger whole relates to one of its constituent parts.

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: Analogies test the ability to recognize a specific relationship between two words and then find another pair exhibiting the same relationship. Here, the prompt is DIVISION : SECTION. We must determine how the words relate and select the option pair that mirrors that relationship. Given Data / Assumptions: The term division commonly denotes a large organizational unit in documents or texts. A section is a smaller component within a division. Only one option should reflect the same whole-to-part textual hierarchy. Concept / Approach: Identify whether the relationship is whole-to-part, function, synonym, antonym, or location. DIVISION contains SECTION, so the relationship is whole (divisional unit) to part (section). Step-by-Step Solution: 1) Interpret DIVISION : SECTION as whole : part within a document or book.2) Evaluate options for similar hierarchical containment.3) 'chapter : verse' mirrors this: a chapter is subdivided into verses (notably in scripture), just as a division is subdivided into sections.4) Therefore, select 'chapter : verse'. Verification / Alternative check: Check reversibility: section is part of a division; verse is part of a chapter. Both are standard text structures. No other option shows a canonical document hierarchy. Why Other Options Are Wrong: layer : tier — parallel terms, not a clear whole-to-part text hierarchy.tether : bundle — functional association, not subdivision.riser : stage — a riser supports a stage; not a part-of in the same textual sense.dais : speaker — place vs. person; not whole-to-part. Common Pitfalls: Confusing association with containment; only select pairs where the second element is a recognized subordinate unit of the first. Final Answer: chapter : verse

Question 8

Analogy reasoning — choose the pair that best matches the relationship: DEPRESSED : SAD (i.e., two words with the same or very close meaning).

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This verbal analogy asks for a pair reflecting the same relationship as DEPRESSED : SAD. These words are close synonyms (depressed implies feeling very sad). We must locate the option pair that also represents near-synonymy. Given Data / Assumptions: DEPRESSED and SAD share meaning (emotional state). Exactly one option should demonstrate synonym equivalence. Concept / Approach: Classify each option: synonym, antonym, degree, or unrelated. Select the pair where both words can substitute for each other in many contexts. Step-by-Step Solution: 1) depressed ~ sad => synonymic relationship.2) Evaluate: 'neat : considerate' (traits but not synonyms).3) 'towering : cringing' (contrasting ideas).4) 'rapid : plodding' (antonyms in speed/tempo).5) 'progressive : regressive' (antonyms).6) 'exhausted : tired' are near-synonyms (exhausted is a stronger degree of tired, but still same family). Verification / Alternative check: Substitution test: In many sentences, 'exhausted' can replace 'tired' with similar meaning, preserving the synonymic relationship analogous to depressed/sad. Why Other Options Are Wrong: neat : considerate — describe different qualities; not synonyms.towering : cringing — opposite notions (dominant vs. cowering).rapid : plodding — fast vs. slow, antonyms.progressive : regressive — antonyms by definition. Common Pitfalls: Confusing degree vs. opposition. Only the option with shared core meaning fits. Final Answer: exhausted : tired

Question 9

Analogy reasoning — select the pair that mirrors the relationship in BRISTLE : BRUSH. Think about part-to-whole composition in common objects.

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: Analogies often test knowledge of how components make up a whole. BRISTLE : BRUSH indicates that bristles are parts that make up a brush. We must find a similar part-to-whole relationship. Given Data / Assumptions: A bristle is a constituent element of a brush. Correct choice should be a necessary or standard component-to-assembly pairing. Concept / Approach: Look for an object whose first term is a standard physical part of the second. Avoid pairs that are merely associated, parallel, or action-based. Step-by-Step Solution: 1) Identify the relationship: bristle (part) belongs to brush (whole).2) Check options: 'arm : leg' are coordinate parts of a body, not part-to-whole within the same object relationship.3) 'stage : curtain' are associated stagecraft items, not part-to-whole in one object.4) 'recline : chair' is action-to-object, not component-to-whole.5) 'key : piano' shows a key as a component of a piano — part-to-whole mapping.6) 'art : sculpture' is category-to-member; not analogous. Verification / Alternative check: Composition test: Pianos consist of keys; brushes consist of bristles. Both first terms are integral parts of the second. Why Other Options Are Wrong: arm : leg — neither is the whole for the other.stage : curtain — separate items; not the same whole.recline : chair — verb–noun relation.art : sculpture — class-to-instance, not part-to-whole. Common Pitfalls: Mistaking mere association for physical composition. Final Answer: key : piano

Question 10

Analogy reasoning — select the pair that reflects the same type/degree relationship as: RAIN : DRIZZLE (drizzle is a lighter form of rain).

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: In this analogy, drizzle is a specific, lower-intensity form of rain. We must find a pair where the second term is a lighter or moderated form of the first term, preserving a category-with-degree relationship. Given Data / Assumptions: RAIN is the general category; DRIZZLE is mild rain. Correct answer should express main activity : gentler variant. Concept / Approach: Identify intensity or degree scaling. Select a pair where the second term is a reduced-intensity version of the first within the same category. Step-by-Step Solution: 1) Determine the mapping: rain (general) → drizzle (milder subset).2) Evaluate options: 'swim : dive' are distinct activities, not intensity variants.3) 'hop : shuffle' are different motions; not degree variants of one another.4) 'juggle : bounce' unrelated activities.5) 'walk : run' reverses intensity (run is greater than walk) and the category differs.6) 'run : jog' fits: jog is a lighter, slower form of running. Verification / Alternative check: Substitute structure: rain : drizzle :: run : jog. Both pairs show a general action and its gentler form. Why Other Options Are Wrong: swim : dive — dive is not a milder swim; different action.hop : shuffle — not same category/degree pattern.juggle : bounce — unrelated domains.walk : run — stronger second term, opposite direction of intensity. Common Pitfalls: Confusing related actions with graded intensity. The correct pair must share category and show 'less intense' second term. Final Answer: run : jog

Question 11

Analogy reasoning — identify the pair that is closest in meaning to PULSATE : THROB (i.e., a synonym relationship with similar intensity).

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: PULSATE and THROB are near-synonyms describing rhythmic beating. The task is to find a pair with the same synonymic relationship and comparable nuance. Given Data / Assumptions: PULSATE ≈ THROB in common usage. One option should present two words that can often replace one another without changing the core meaning. Concept / Approach: Classify options as synonym, antonym, category, or unrelated. Prefer strong semantic overlap. Step-by-Step Solution: 1) Establish the model: synonym pair.2) Scan options: 'walk : run' (different speeds, not synonyms).3) 'tired : sleep' (state vs. action, not synonyms).4) 'examine : scrutinize' (to examine is to scrutinize closely — strong synonymy).5) 'ballet : dancer' (art form vs. person).6) 'find : lose' (antonyms). Verification / Alternative check: Substitution test in a sentence confirms close meaning: 'examine the evidence' ≈ 'scrutinize the evidence'. Why Other Options Are Wrong: walk : run — degree difference, not synonymy.tired : sleep — condition vs. remedy.ballet : dancer — domain relationship, not equivalence.find : lose — opposites. Common Pitfalls: Choosing related concepts rather than true synonyms. The correct pair must match meaning, not merely association. Final Answer: examine : scrutinize

Question 12

Analogy reasoning — identify the correct collective-noun relationship analogous to FISH : SHOAL.

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This analogy focuses on collective nouns: a group designation used for multiple instances of the same creature. FISH : SHOAL means a shoal is a group of fish. We must find the pair that mirrors this collective relationship. Given Data / Assumptions: Collective nouns include pack, herd, flock, shoal, etc. First term should be the animal; second term the correct collective. Concept / Approach: Scan for animal : proper collective-noun pairings. Reject habitat, ownership, or mismatched pairings. Step-by-Step Solution: 1) fish → shoal is valid collective noun mapping.2) Evaluate: 'wolf : pack' — correct collective (a pack of wolves).3) 'elephant : jungle' — jungle is habitat, not collective noun.4) 'beagle : clan' — clan is not the standard collective for dogs.5) 'herd : peacock' — reversed; also peacocks form a muster or ostentation, not 'herd.'6) 'cow : farm' — place of residence, not collective. Verification / Alternative check: Dictionary and common usage confirm 'a pack of wolves' just as 'a shoal of fish.' Why Other Options Are Wrong: elephant : jungle — habitat relation only.beagle : clan — incorrect collective term.herd : peacock — order reversed and noun mismatch.cow : farm — location, not collective group name. Common Pitfalls: Confusing habitat or possession with collective nouns. The pattern must be animal → standard group term. Final Answer: wolf : pack

Question 13

Analogy reasoning — select the instrument-to-measurement pair analogous to: ODOMETER : DISTANCE.

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: An odometer is a device that measures distance traveled. We must choose the option where the first item is an instrument and the second is what it measures, preserving the device-to-quantity relationship. Given Data / Assumptions: Odometer → measures distance. Correct answer must be instrument → measured quantity. Concept / Approach: Identify which options present a tool or measuring instrument paired with its measurement. Reject pairs that present units, dimensions, or unrelated concepts. Step-by-Step Solution: 1) Confirm relationship: odometer : distance.2) 'scale : weight' — a scale measures weight (or mass by calibration); matches pattern.3) 'length : width' — two dimensions; not instrument-to-measurement.4) 'inch : foot' — units, not instruments.5) 'mileage : speed' — two quantities; not device-to-quantity.6) 'area : size' — general quantities; lacks device. Verification / Alternative check: Instrument test: Both odometer and scale are tools whose primary function is to measure specific quantities. Why Other Options Are Wrong: length : width — attributes, not measurement by device.inch : foot — measurement units.mileage : speed — different metrics, no instrument.area : size — broad terms; missing instrument. Common Pitfalls: Confusing units with instruments. The analogy requires a tool mapped to its measured property. Final Answer: scale : weight

Question 14

Analogy reasoning — identify the workplace relationship analogous to: WAITRESS : RESTAURANT (worker to typical place of work).

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: The analogy WAITRESS : RESTAURANT expresses a worker and the usual workplace. Select the option that preserves this profession-to-workplace mapping. Given Data / Assumptions: Waitresses customarily work in restaurants. Correct answer should be a standard role paired with its typical location of employment. Concept / Approach: Eliminate pairs that show tool, product, or action rather than workplace. Choose a profession matched to an institutional location. Step-by-Step Solution: 1) Identify relation: person in role → workplace.2) 'doctor : diagnosis' — task, not place.3) 'actor : role' — role is function, not location.4) 'driver : truck' — tool/vehicle, not workplace.5) 'teacher : school' — canonical workplace mapping; matches pattern.6) 'author : book' — product, not place. Verification / Alternative check: Both pairs reflect occupation tied to an institution (waitress→restaurant, teacher→school). Why Other Options Are Wrong: doctor : diagnosis — activity instead of place.actor : role — not a location.driver : truck — equipment, not workplace.author : book — output, not workplace. Common Pitfalls: Mixing up workplace with actions or tools associated with a profession. Final Answer: teacher : school

Question 15

Analogy reasoning — identify the quantity-pack relationship analogous to: SKEIN : YARN (a standard bundle or unit of material).

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: A skein is a length or coil of yarn sold or wound as a unit. We seek a pair where the first term is a standard bundle or commercial unit and the second is the material packaged in that unit. Given Data / Assumptions: skein → bundle/unit of yarn. Correct choice should mirror unit-of-sale or bundle-of measurement relationship. Concept / Approach: Scan for a conventional packaging/quantity term paired with its material (e.g., ream of paper). Reject action/object or source/product pairs. Step-by-Step Solution: 1) Confirm model: unit/bundle → material.2) 'ream : paper' — a ream is a standard quantity of paper; matches perfectly.3) 'squeeze : lemon' — action vs. object.4) 'fire : coal' — relation is fuel-to-process; not quantity bundle.5) 'tree : lumber' — source-to-product, reversed.6) 'plow : acre' — tool-to-area; not a packaging unit. Verification / Alternative check: Industry terms: skein of yarn, ream of paper — both are standard merchandising units. Why Other Options Are Wrong: squeeze : lemon — verb–noun pairing.fire : coal — usage relation, not packaging.tree : lumber — raw-to-processed material, not unit.plow : acre — implement vs. measure of land. Common Pitfalls: Choosing production or action associations rather than standardized bundle terms. Final Answer: ream : paper

Question 16

Analogy reasoning — choose the pair that mirrors MONK : DEVOTION (i.e., a person strongly characterized by a defining trait or motivation).

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This analogy connects a person with a hallmark trait. A monk is emblematic of devotion. We must find a similarly emblematic pairing — a role or archetype linked to a defining motivation or characteristic. Given Data / Assumptions: Monk → devotion (dedicated religious commitment). Correct answer should be person/archetype → core drive or trait. Concept / Approach: Identify options where the second term is a well-known defining trait of the first. Eliminate antonyms and mismatches. Step-by-Step Solution: 1) 'maniac : pacifism' — mismatch; maniac suggests frenzy, not peace.2) 'explorer : contentment' — explorers are associated with restlessness or curiosity, not contentment.3) 'visionary : complacency' — opposites (visionaries resist complacency).4) 'rover : wanderlust' — a rover (wanderer) is characterized by wanderlust, the desire to travel; matches pattern.5) 'philistine : culture' — philistines are characterized by indifference to culture; not a positive association. Verification / Alternative check: Trait test: monk→devotion and rover→wanderlust are canonical archetype-to-trait pairs often found in literature and common usage. Why Other Options Are Wrong: maniac : pacifism — contradictory.explorer : contentment — contrary to the spirit of exploration.visionary : complacency — conceptual opposites.philistine : culture — inverse relation (lack of culture appreciation). Common Pitfalls: Choosing a pair with mere association rather than the defining hallmark of the archetype. Final Answer: rover : wanderlust

Question 17

Verbal analogy — choose the option pair that mirrors the same relationship as the given pair. Given pair: SLAPSTICK : LAUGHTER

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: Verbal analogy questions test whether you can identify the relationship between two words and find another pair with the same relationship. The pair SLAPSTICK : LAUGHTER shows a cause-and-effect relationship in which a type of comedic performance (slapstick) commonly produces a specific emotional response (laughter). Given Data / Assumptions: Slapstick is a form of physical comedy. Laughter is the typical reaction to successful comedy. We seek another pair where the first reliably elicits the second. Concept / Approach: Identify the semantic link in the stem (cause leads to effect) and look for an option where a category of art or stimulus evokes a characteristic emotional response. Avoid pairs that are merely associated, unrelated, or antonymous. Step-by-Step Solution: 1) Determine the link: slapstick causes laughter.2) Review options for a similar trigger-response relationship.3) horror : fear — horror films or stories characteristically evoke fear. This matches.4) Confirm other options do not fit the same pattern. Verification / Alternative check: Ask whether replacing the colon with “causes” reads naturally. “Slapstick causes laughter” and “Horror causes fear” both read naturally, reinforcing the mapping. Why Other Options Are Wrong: fallacy : dismay — a fallacy is an error in reasoning; it does not typically cause dismay. genre : mystery — genre is a category; mystery is a genre itself, not an effect. satire : anger — satire can provoke many reactions (laughter, critique), not specifically anger. mimicry : tears — mimicry is imitation; tears is an outcome not specifically tied to it. Common Pitfalls: Confusing “often associated with” for “characteristically causes,” and accepting loose associations instead of the dominant effect the first word evokes. Final Answer: horror : fear

Question 18

Verbal analogy — choose the closest synonym pair to match the relationship. Given pair: VERVE : ENTHUSIASM

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: Here the relationship is synonymy. Verve means spirited energy or enthusiasm. We must find an option where the two words are near-synonyms like the stem pair. Given Data / Assumptions: verve ≈ enthusiasm, vigor, zest. We want two words that share meaning in the same way. Concept / Approach: Scan for a pair expressing similar intensity and meaning. Discard antonyms and category–property mismatches. Step-by-Step Solution: 1) Identify stem as synonyms: verve = enthusiasm.2) Evaluate each option for synonym strength.3) devotion : reverence — both convey deep respect and strong regard; close semantic overlap.4) Conclude that this best mirrors the synonym relationship. Verification / Alternative check: Substitute a linking phrase: “Devotion is marked by reverence,” and “Verve is marked by enthusiasm.” Both statements align as near-equivalences in sense and tone. Why Other Options Are Wrong: loyalty : duplicity — antonyms (faithfulness vs deceit). intensity : color — property to domain; not synonyms. eminence : anonymity — opposites (renown vs lack of identity). generosity : elation — giving vs joy; not equivalent concepts. Common Pitfalls: Choosing loosely associated emotions rather than genuine synonyms. Analogy questions reward precision of meaning, not vague connection. Final Answer: devotion : reverence

Question 19

Verbal analogy — match the profession-to-typical trait relationship. Given pair: SPY : CLANDESTINE

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: In this item, the first word is a profession and the second is a characteristic strongly associated with that profession. Spies typically operate clandestinely (secretly). We seek a similar profession-to-trait pairing. Given Data / Assumptions: spy → clandestine methods. We need a job role commonly linked with a defining attribute. Concept / Approach: Filter for pairs where the second word is a typical quality valued in the profession, not a random emotion or unrelated adjective. Step-by-Step Solution: 1) spy : clandestine = role : essential modus/trait.2) accountant : meticulous — accountants are expected to be careful and detail-oriented.3) Other options lack natural or defining links. Verification / Alternative check: Ask whether the trait is a job requirement or hallmark. Meticulous accounting is a standard expectation just as clandestine methods are for espionage. Why Other Options Are Wrong: furrier : rambunctious — rambunctious is rowdy, not a professional trait of a furrier. lawyer : ironic — irony is a rhetorical device, not a defining lawyerly trait. shepherd : garrulous — shepherds are not especially defined by talkativeness. astronaut : opulent — opulent means lavish; unrelated to astronauts. Common Pitfalls: Choosing humorous or surprising adjectives rather than the conventional attribute that maps to the profession. Final Answer: accountant : meticulous

Question 20

Verbal analogy — identify the maker-to-product relationship. Given pair: COBBLER : SHOE

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: Cobbler : shoe expresses maker-to-product (a cobbler makes or repairs shoes). We need a similar producer-to-result pairing. Given Data / Assumptions: “Maker” implies creating or overseeing creation. The “product” is the primary output associated with that role. Concept / Approach: Eliminate pairs that show user-to-tool, worker-to-material, or unrelated items. Keep the pair where the first leads to the existence of the second as a finished artifact. Step-by-Step Solution: 1) cobbler produces or repairs a shoe.2) contractor oversees creation of a building.3) This matches the maker/product mapping best among the options. Verification / Alternative check: Rephrase: “A contractor produces a building” is acceptable in common usage (manages construction), like “A cobbler produces or restores a shoe.” Why Other Options Are Wrong: jockey : horse — rider-to-animal; not maker/product. mason : stone — worker-to-material; stone is what a mason uses. cowboy : boot — user-to-item; cowboys wear boots. potter : paint — potters use clay and glaze; paint is not central product. Common Pitfalls: Confusing tools or materials with outcomes; the key is output, not usage. Final Answer: contractor : building

Analogies Questions