Antiseptics — Iodophores are formulated as complexes of iodine with which carrier type to enhance stability and slow release?

Introduction / Context:
Iodine is a broad-spectrum antiseptic effective against bacteria, many viruses, and some spores, but elemental iodine is volatile and irritating. Iodophores were created to stabilize iodine, reduce staining and irritation, and provide sustained release, making them ideal for skin preparation and wound care.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• Iodophor = iodine complexed with a carrier matrix.
• Goal: improved solubility, stability, and gradual iodine release.
• Common example: povidone-iodine (PVP-I).

Concept / Approach:
Surface-active agents (surfactants) or polymeric carriers (e.g., polyvinylpyrrolidone) bind iodine to form a complex that releases free iodine slowly. This maintains antimicrobial activity while mitigating irritation associated with tincture iodine (iodine in alcohol).

Step-by-Step Solution:

Verification / Alternative check:
Product inserts of povidone-iodine explicitly describe a complex of iodine with polyvinylpyrrolidone releasing free iodine in solution.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:

• Iodine + aldehydes: not an iodophor; aldehydes are separate disinfectants.
• Iodine + alcohols: describes tincture iodine, not an iodophor complex.
• Iodine + phenols: not standard for iodophore formation.

Common Pitfalls:
Confusing iodophors with tincture iodine; the latter uses alcoholic solvent rather than a surfactant-polymer complex for slow release.

Final Answer:
Iodine and surface-active agents