Which of the following Indians was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 2014 for work on child rights and the elimination of child labour?

Introduction / Context:
The Nobel Peace Prize in 2014 drew global attention because it was shared between an Indian child rights activist and a young Pakistani education activist. For general knowledge exams, it is important to remember the names and main areas of work of Nobel laureates, especially when they come from India. This question focuses on the Indian winner, whose efforts against child labour and in favour of children education have been recognised worldwide.

Given Data / Assumptions:
- The year is 2014, and the award is the Nobel Peace Prize.
- The field of work mentioned is child rights and elimination of child labour.
- Options include Kailash Satyarthi, Venkat Raman, Ram Krishnan, Mother Teresa, and Amartya Sen.
- We assume familiarity with media coverage of the 2014 peace award and its shared nature with Malala Yousafzai.

Concept / Approach:
The core concept is matching the specific Nobel Peace Prize year to the correct Indian laureate and his field work. In 2014, the Nobel Peace Prize was jointly awarded to Kailash Satyarthi from India and Malala Yousafzai from Pakistan. Kailash Satyarthi has long campaigned against child labour and for universal education for children. Venkat Raman and Ram Krishnan appear as distractor names, while Mother Teresa and Amartya Sen are Nobel laureates from earlier years but in different contexts and categories.

Step-by-Step Solution:
Step 1: Identify the year and category, which is the Nobel Peace Prize 2014.
Step 2: Recall that this prize was shared between Malala Yousafzai and an Indian activist fighting child labour.
Step 3: Recognise that the Indian activist is Kailash Satyarthi, known for movements like Bachpan Bachao Andolan.
Step 4: Eliminate Mother Teresa and Amartya Sen because they won Nobel Prizes in earlier years and different categories.
Step 5: Ignore Venkat Raman and Ram Krishnan as distractor names with no connection to the 2014 Peace Prize, and select Kailash Satyarthi.

Verification / Alternative check:
Revision lists of Indian Nobel laureates generally highlight that Kailash Satyarthi received the Nobel Peace Prize in 2014 along with Malala Yousafzai. They emphasise his decades long work to free children from bonded labour and exploitation. Seeing his name consistently associated with 2014 and child rights in multiple sources confirms that he is the correct answer.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:
Venkat Raman is a distractor name and is not recorded as a Nobel Peace Prize laureate.

Ram Krishnan is another distractor, added only to increase the difficulty of guessing and has no link to the 2014 Nobel Peace Prize.

Mother Teresa did receive a Nobel Peace Prize, but that was in 1979, long before 2014, and her work was centred on humanitarian service in general.

Amartya Sen is a Nobel laureate in Economic Sciences and is not associated with the 2014 Peace Prize or child labour campaigns.

Common Pitfalls:
Some students may confuse the year or category and select Mother Teresa or Amartya Sen purely because they recognise the names as Nobel winners. Others might not recall the association with child labour and education. To avoid such mistakes, always focus on the exact year, category, and field of work stated in the question and match them carefully to the appropriate individual.

Final Answer:
The Indian who received the Nobel Peace Prize in 2014 for work on child rights and the elimination of child labour is Kailash Satyarthi.